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CSD9615 > 08 - Articulatory Anatomy Methods > Flashcards

08 - Articulatory Anatomy Methods Flashcards

Anatomy of tongue, velar, lip, and jaw muscles Measurement of Upper Articulatory Function (Movement, Force, Sensation)

1
Q

What are the two types of tongue muscles?

A

Intrinsic

Extrinsic

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2
Q

How are the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue differentiated? (2 main differences)

A

Intrinsic tongue muscles are contained in the tongue with no external attachment, whereas extrinsic tongue muscles have an external attachment (e.g. tongue to hyoid bone)

Intrinsic muscles shape and produce fine movements of the tongue, whereas extrinsic muscles are responsible for placement and position of the tongue in the oral cavity

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3
Q

What is the intrinsic tongue muscle responsible for elevating the tip?

A

The superior longitudinal muscle

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4
Q

Name 2 intrinsic tongue muscles, or two movements intrinsic tongue muscles can produce

A
  • Superior longitudinal - elevates tip
  • Inferior longitudinal - pulls tip down and retracts
  • Transverse - narrows; pulls edges to midline
  • Vertical - pulls tongue down towards the floor of the mouth
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5
Q

What is the type of muscle is the Genioglossus?

A

An extrinsic tongue muscle

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6
Q

Which extrinsic tongue muscle is responsible for retracting and protruding the tongue?

A

The Genioglossus

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7
Q

Name 2 extrinsic tongue muscles, or two functions of the extrinsic tongue muscles

A

Genioglossus - retracts or protrudes

Hyoglossus - pulls sides of tongue down

Palatoglossus - elevates back of tongue (anterior faucial pillars)

Styloglossus - elevates and retracts tongue

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8
Q

The Levator Veli Palatini is a ________ (tongue/lip/velar/jaw) muscle

A

Velar

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9
Q

Which velar (soft palate) muscle elevates the velum and closes the velopharynx?

A

Levetor veli palatini

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10
Q

Name 2 velar muscles, or two functions of the velar muscles

A

Levator veli palatini - elevates velum; closes velopharynx
(Superior pharyngeal constrictor - squeezes lateral and posterior wall of the pharynx against velum)

Uvula - elevates velum (minor role)

Palatoglossus - lowers velum and opens velopharynx (anterior faucial pillar) (note: this is also an extrinsic tongue muscle responsible for elevating the back of the tongue)

Palatopharyngeus - lowers velum; narrows pharynx (posterior faucial pillar)

Tensor palatini - opens the eustachian tube

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11
Q

What type of muscle (tongue, velar, lip, or jaw) is the Orbicularis oris, and what does it do?

A

Lip

It protrudes, puckers, and closes the lips

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12
Q

Besides protruding, puckering, and closing the lips, what are two other functions of the lip muscles?

A

Elevating the upper lip

Lowering the lower lip

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13
Q

Name 2 lip muscles, or 2 functions of the lip muscles

A

Orbicularis oris - protrudes, puckers, and closes the lips

Levator labii superioris - elevates upper lip
Levator anguli oris - elevates upper lip
Zygomaticus major and minor - elevates upper lip

Depressor anguli oris - lowers the lower lip
Depressor labii inferiorus - lowers the lower lip
Mentalis - lowers the lower lip

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14
Q

Which muscle opens the jaw?

A

Lateral pterygoid

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15
Q

What does the masseter muscle do?

A

Closes the jaw

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16
Q

Name 2 jaw muscles, or 2 functions of jaw muscles

A

Masseter - closes jaw
Temporalis - closes jaw
Medial pterygoid - closes jaw
Lateral pterygoid - opens jaw

17
Q

Name 2 low invasive methods for studying tongue movement and describe them

A

MRI - Magnetic fields measure tissue density; used for static or continuous sounds

Magnetometer - pulsing electromagnetic signals reflect continuous movement of specific targets

Ultrasound - high frequency sound waves reflect off body surfaces; can image continuous speech

Electropalatography (EPG) - mini electrodes on acrylic palate responds to touch of the tongue; location and timing of tongue during continuous speech

18
Q

Name 2 methods for studying tongue movement

A 
Ones also used for velum or lip/jaw movements:
MRI
X-Ray
X-Ray microbeam
Magnetometer

Also:
Ultrasound
EPG (Electropalatography)

19
Q

Name 2 methods for studying the velum (soft palate)

A 
Ones also used for tongue or lip/jaw movements:
MRI
X-Ray
X-Ray microbeam
Magnetometer

Also:
Velotrace - inserted through nose to rest on velum; measures continuous movement during speech; invasive

Nasendoscopy

20
Q

Name 2 methods for studying the lip and jaw movement

A 
Ones also used for tongue or velum movements:
MRI
X-Ray
X-Ray microbeam
Magnetometer

Also:
Lip/jaw strain-gages - small steel beams attached to lips/jaw and strain-gage produce an electrical signal when went; 2D or 3D movement measured during continuous speech; non-invasive

Optotrak - infrared light emitting diodes attached to visible articulators (e.g. lips/jaw), recorded and tracked using 3 cameras; 3D traces during continuous speech; non-invasive

21
Q 
Which speech movements (kinematics) are relatively small:
Upper lip
Lower lip
Tongue tip
Jaw
A

Upper lip (3 mm, 50 mm/sec)

22
Q 
Which speech movements are relatively big:
Upper lip
Lower lip
Tongue tip
Jaw
A

Tongue tip (10 mm, 120 mm/sec)

23
Q 
The maximum repetition rate (Diadochokinetic Rate) is highest for which of the following:
Puh
Tuh
Kuh
Puh-Tuh-Kuh
A

Puh: 6.3 syllables/sec

24
Q

Which age group(s) has/have the slowest diadochokinetic rate?

A

<10 yrs old

geriatric

25
Q

What is the maximum force measured, using a strain-gage force transducer, for the upper lip closing?

A

4 N

26
Q

What is the maximum force measured, using a strain-gage force transducer, for the jaw closing?

A

+100N

27
Q 
What has the highest and lowest force:
Upper lip closing
Lower lip closing
Tongue tip protruding
Jaw closing
A

Highest: jaw closing
Lowest: upper lip closing

28
Q

What is the usual amount of force used in speech production?

A

2 N or less

29
Q 
What are the most sensitive structures (for touch):
Upper and lower lips
Tongue tip
Tongue blade
Soft palate
Finger tip
A

Upper and lower lips

Tongue tip

30
Q 
What is the most sensitive structure (for two-point discrimination):
Upper and lower lips
Tongue tip
Tongue blade
Soft palate
Finger tip
A

Tongue tip

CSD9615 (22 decks)

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