00 - Phonetics for Audiology Flashcards
What is linguistics?
The scientific study of language
Branches include: pragmatics semantics syntax morphology phonology phonetics
What is phonology?
The study of systematic organization of speech sounds; a branch of linguistics
What is phonetics?
The study of production and perception of speech sounds; a branch of linguistics
What is phonotactics?
A branch of phonology; the study of the possible combinations of sounds (phonemes) in a language (i.e. what is/not allowed, or is allowed but doesn’t mean anything)
E.g. Trash = real word, sounds okay
Praff = not a word, sounds okay
Fprafz = not a word, doesn’t sound okay
What does articulatory phonetics deal with?
How speech is produced by the speaker
What does “phone” mean?
The occurrence of a speech sound
What word means “the smallest unit of speech sound that carries meaning”
Phoneme
“Allophone” refers to:
variations in phoneme realizations that don’t change the meaning
What are phonemic minimal pairs and give examples
A pair of words that differ in meaning on the basis of a single phoneme (the smallest change you can do to change the meaning)
Eg. cat, bat, rat, mat
Eg. see, saw, sue, sew
Why can’t we just “spell it out” (orthography)? Why do we rely on phonemic transcription/International Phonetic Alphabet?
Things can be:
- spelled similarly and sound different (e.g. tough, though, through, trough, thorough…)
- spelled differently and sound similar (e.g. sew vs so; too vs to vs two; led vs lead…)
Name the place and manner of articulation, and if it is (un)/voiced:
m
Bilabial
Nasal
Unvoiced
Name the place and manner of articulation, and if it is (un)/voiced:
w
Bilabial or Labiovelar
Glide
Unvoiced
Name the place and manner of articulation, and if it is (un)/voiced:
f
Labiodental
Fricative
Unvoiced
Name the place and manner of articulation, and if it is (un)/voiced:
ð
Interdental/Dental
Fricative
Voiced
Name the place and manner of articulation, and if it is (un)/voiced:
θ
Interdental/Dental
Fricative
Unvoiced
Name the place and manner of articulation, and if it is (un)/voiced:
b
Bilabial
Stop
Voiced
Name the place and manner of articulation, and if it is (un)/voiced:
g
Velar
Stop
Voiced
Name the place and manner of articulation, and if it is (un)/voiced:
ŋ
Velar
Nasal
Voiced
Name whether the following is front/back and high/low:
i
Front High
Name whether the following is front/back and high/low:
ɑ
Back Low
Name whether the following is front/back and high/low:
u
Back High
Name whether the following is front/back and high/low:
æ
Front Low
What 3 things do we use to describe consonant speech sounds?
- place of articulation
- manner of articulation
- voicing
What 3 things do we use to describe vowel speech sounds?
- height
- backness
- rounding
Which involve a constriction in the vocal tract: consonants or vowels?
Consonants
Where is the alveolar ridge located?
Behind the teeth
Where is the “lingual alveolar” region of your mouth?
Behind the palates
Describe “stops” and give an example
Complete closure followed by release (e.g. p, b, t, d, k, g, ʔ)
Describe “fricatives” and give an example
Small opening allowing air to pass with friction; escaping air is turbulent and produces FRICTION-like sound (e.g. f, v, θ, ð, s, z, ʃ, ʒ, h,)
Describe “affricates” and give an example
Sequence of a stop immediately followed by a fricative (e.g. tʃ, dʒ)
Describe “nasals” and give an example
Stops with velar lowering, allowing air to escape through nasal cavity (e.g. m, n, ŋ)
Describe “approximants” and give an example
Greater opening than other consonants, but not as open as vowels; no friction; always voiced
E.g. “liquids”: l, r
“glides”: j, w
What determines “voicing”?
The state of the glottis: voiced = vocal folds are close and vibrating; voiceless = vocal folds are open
Obstruents are sounds that can be voiced or voiceless, whereas sonorants can only be voiced. Name one of each based on their manner of articulation
Obstruents: stops, fricatives, affricates
Sonorants: nasals, approximants
Which of the following anchor words has the vowel symbol /i/:
beet, bit, bait, bet, bat, but, boot, book, boat, bought
Beet
Which of the following anchor words has the vowel symbol /e/:
beet, bit, bait, bet, bat, but, boot, book, boat, bought
Bait
Which of the following anchor words has the vowel symbol /u/:
beet, bit, bait, bet, bat, but, boot, book, boat, bought
Boot
Which of the following anchor words has the vowel symbol /I/:
beet, bit, bait, bet, bat, but, boot, book, boat, bought
Bit
Which of the following anchor words has the vowel symbol /ɛ/:
beet, bit, bait, bet, bat, but, boot, book, boat, bought
Bet
Which of the following anchor words has the vowel symbol /ae/:
beet, bit, bait, bet, bat, but, boot, book, boat, bought
Bat
Which of the following anchor words has the vowel symbol /ɔ/ & /ɑ/:
beet, bit, bait, bet, bat, but, boot, book, boat, bought
Bought
Which of the following anchor words has the vowel symbol /o/:
beet, bit, bait, bet, bat, but, boot, book, boat, bought
Boat
Which of the following anchor words has the vowel symbol /ʊ/:
beet, bit, bait, bet, bat, but, boot, book, boat, bought
Book
Which of the following anchor words has the vowel symbol /ə/ & /ʌ/:
beet, bit, bait, bet, bat, but, boot, book, boat, bought
But
What is a diphthong?
Two sequenced vowel sounds
Name 2 of the 4 rounded vowels
High Back: u, ʊ
Mid Back: o, ɔ
