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EPPP B3: Physio & Psychopharm > 07d_Psychophysiological and Endocrine Disorders > Flashcards

07d_Psychophysiological and Endocrine Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Psychophysiological Disorders:

Overview

A

Physical symptoms caused, maintained, or exacerbated by emotional factors

Most involve a single organ system

Many related to ANS

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2
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Rapid deep breathing attack

Drop in carbon dioxide

Respiratory alkalosis

Cerebral hypoxia

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3
Q

Hypertension:

Two types

A

Primary (essential) hypertension

Secondary hypertension

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4
Q

Hypertension:

Primary hypertension

A

No known physiological cause

85 to 90% of all cases

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5
Q

Secondary Hypertension

A

Elevated blood pressure is related to a known disease

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6
Q

Primary hypertension:

Health Effects

A

Cardiovascular disease

Heart failure

Kidney failure

Stroke

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7
Q

Primary Hypertension:

Diagnosis

A

Difficult to diagnose due to it being often asymptomatic

“Silent killer”

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8
Q

Primary Hypertension:

Contributing factors

A

Family history

Obesity

Cigarette smoking

Excessive salt intake

Stress

Advanced age

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9
Q

Primary Hypertension:

Treatment

A

Lifestyle changes (diet, alcohol, exercise)

Diuretic, beta blocker, other blood pressure medication

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10
Q

Fibromyalgia:

Symptoms

A

General muscle aches

Tenderness

Stiffness

Fatigue

Sleep disturbances

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11
Q

Fibromyalgia:

Occurrence

A

More common in females than males

Occurs most often in middle-age

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12
Q

Fibromyalgia:

Etiology and Treatment

A

May have a physical cause, but psychological factors play a major role

Symptoms often alleviated by behavioral treatments

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13
Q

Migraine Headache:

Characteristics

A

Severe

Recurrent

Throbbing

Limited to one side of the head

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14
Q

Migraine Headache:

Accompanying Symptoms

A

Nausea

Vomiting

Diarrhea/constipation

Sensitivity to light, noise, odors

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15
Q

Migraine Headache:

Exacerbating Factors

A

Bending forward

Lifting

Jarring motions

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16
Q

Classic vs Common Migraine: Distinguishing Features

A

Classic:
12% of migraine sufferers
Starts with AURA

Common:
No aura
Sometimes signaled by GI upset or other symptoms

17
Q

Migraine Headache:

Precipitating Factors

A

Menstruation

Stress and Relaxation after stress

Change in barometric pressure

Alcohol

Decongestant / analgesic overuse

Certain foods (tyramine, phenylethylamine, nitrates)

18
Q

Migraine Headache:

Etiology

A

Constriction and dilation of blood vessels in the brain

Low serotonin levels

19
Q

Cluster headache

A

NON-throbbing

Excruciating, burning pain behind eye, face, temple

Occurs in time clusters
1+/day for 2-3 months

20
Q

Tension Headache

A

NON-throbbing pain

Band of pressure or tightness around the head

Usually both sides of the head, back of neck, face

21
Q

Sinus headache

A

Fullness, tension, or throbbing ache

Worst early in morning

Exacerbated by bending forward

22
Q

Premenstrual Syndrome:

Overview

A

Related to cyclic production of hormones

PMS usually develops after ovulation

Lasts until just before or after menstruation begins

23
Q

Premenstrual Syndrome:

Prevalence

A

30 to 80% women of reproductive age

2-6% meet criteria for PMDD

24
Q

Premenstrual Syndrome:

Treatment

A

Placebos

SSRIs

CBT

25
Q

Endocrine System Overview

A

Glands release hormones directly into circulatory system

Target organs are affected in various ways

  • activate enzymes
  • alter permeability of cell membranes
26
Q

Pituitary Gland:

Two hormones associated with disorders

A

Antidiuretic hormone ADH

Somatotropic hormone

27
Q

Pituitary gland:

Antidiuretic hormone

A

ADH acts in the kidneys to mediate fluid retention

Hyposecretion = diabetes insipidus (water loss)

28
Q

Pituitary gland:

Somatotropic Hormone

A

Stimulates muscle and skeletal growth

Protein synthesis

29
Q

Somatotropic Hormone: Hyposecretion

A

Dwarfism

30
Q

Somatotropic Hormone: Hypersecretion

A

Giantism

Acromegaly in adulthood
enlarged hands, feet, facial features

31
Q

Hyperthyroidism (Grave’s Disease): Symptoms

A

Increased appetite With Weight Loss

Accelerated metabolism

Elevated body temperature

Tachycardia

Agitation

Emotional lability

Fatigue

Insomnia

Reduced attention span

32
Q

Hypothyroidism: Symptoms

A

Slow metabolism

Reduced appetite With Weight Gain

Lowered body temperature

Lethargy

Depression

Decreased libido

Apathy

Confusion

Impaired concentration and memory

33
Q

Pancreas:

Overview

A

Releases insulin

Moderates the uptake and use of glucose and amino acids

Too little = diabetes

Too much = hypoglycemia

34
Q

Diabetes Mellitius:

Etiology and Symptoms

A

Caused by Hypoinsulinism

Increased appetite with weight loss

Polyuria

Polydipsia

Increase susceptibility to infection

Apathy

Confusion

Mental dullness

35
Q

Type 2 Diabetes:

Symptoms associated with insulin treatment

A

Sudden increase in glucose levels is associated with:

Negative mood

Impaired concentration, working memory, and information processing

36
Q

Type 2 Diabetes:

Symptoms associated with insulin treatment increase in glucose levels

A

Negative mood

Impaired concentration, working memory, and information processing

37
Q

Behavioral Genetics

A

How genes impact behavioral aspects of human experience, and disorders of:

Personality

Intelligence

Autism

Hyperactivity

Depression

Schizophrenia

38
Q

Quantitative Genetic Methods

A

Study of net effect of genetic and environmental factors on individual traits (including behaviors)

39
Q

Molecular Genetic Methods

A

Classification of genes that influence behavioral traits

Quasiexperimental methods:

Twin method

Adoption method

EPPP B3: Physio & Psychopharm (21 decks)

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