07b_Stroke and Seizure Disorders Flashcards by Nikos Rebetis

Q

Cerebrovascular Accident (“stroke”)

Overview

A

Sudden or gradual onset of neurological symptoms

Caused by disruption of blood supply to the brain

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Q

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA):

Three Major Causes

A

Thrombosis

Embolism

Hemorrhage

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Q

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA):

Major risk factors

A

Hypertension

Artherosclerosis

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Q

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA):

Common Symptoms

A

Contralateral Hemiplegia (paralysis)

Contralateral Hemianesthesia (loss of sensation)

Contralateral Visual Field Loss

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Q

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA):

Dominant (left) hemisphere damage

A

Aphasia

Ideomotor Apraxia

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Q

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA):

Nondominant (right) Hemisphere Damage

A

Contralateral Neglect

Dressing Apraxia

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Q

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA):

Most Common Psychiatric Symptom

A

Depression = 40% of patients

*Depressive symptoms may not occur until several months later

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Q

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA):

Neuropsychiatric symptoms

A

Depression, Apathy, Anxiety

Pathological crying or laughter

Mania

Psychosis

Dementia

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Q

Seizure Disorders (Epilepsy):

Abnormal electrical activity in the brain causes…

A

Aura that signals onset of seizure

Loss of consciousness

Abnormal movements

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Q

Seizure Disorders:

Two basic types of seizures

A

Generalized

Partial

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Q

Seizure Disorders:

Two types of Generalized seizures

A

Tonic-clonic (grand mal)

Absence (petit mal)

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Q

Tonic-clonic (grand mal) Seizure:

Tonic stage

A

Muscles contract and the body stiffens

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Q

Tonic-clonic (grand mal) Seizure:

Clonic stage

A

Rhythmic shaking of the limbs

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Q

Tonic-clonic (grand mal) Seizure:

Post-seizure

A

Depression

Confusion

Amnesia of the seizure event

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Q

Absence (petit mal) seizure:

Overview

A

Brief attacks

Loss of consciousness without prominent motor symptoms

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Q

Absence (petit mal) seizure:

Characteristic facial expression

A

Blank stare with frequent eye blinking

Q

Simple vs Complex Partial Seizures

A

Simple = No loss of consciousness

Complex = Alteration in Consciousness

Q

Simple Partial Seizures:

Most Common Cause

A

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Q

Seizure Disorders:

Temporal Lobe Symptoms

A

Automatisms

Hallucinations

Alteration of emotion

Déjà vu

Changes in personality

Hypo-or hypersexuality

ANS arousal

Q

Seizure Disorders:

Automatisms

A

Lipsmacking

Chewing

Stereotyped swimming movements

Q

Seizure Disorders:

Frontal Lobe Symptoms

A

Motor symptoms (jerky movements)

Speech disturbances

Olfactory hallucinations

Autonomic symptoms

Q

Seizure Disorders:

Parietal Lobe Symptoms

A

Unusual contralateral physical sensations such as:

Numbing, tingling, burning

Q

Seizure Disorders:

Occipital Lobe Symptoms

A

Rapid eye blinking

Unusual visual phenomena

flashing lights
balls of light
strange colors in visual field