05_Emotion and Stress Flashcards
James-Lange Theory
Emotions represent perceptions of bodily reactions to sensory stimuli
Cannon-Bard Theory
Simultaneous emotional and bodily reactions
Due to thalamic stimulation of the cortex and PNS
Two-Factor Theory:
Theorists
Schachter and Singer (1962)
Two-Factor Theory:
Underlying Study
Epinephrine Study
Participants interpreted unexplained arousal in terms of behavior exhibited by Confederate
Two-Factor Theory:
Subjective Emotional Experience is due to…
Physiological arousal
Cognitive interpretation of arousal and the context in which it occurs
Cognitive-Appraisal Theory (Lazarus):
Premises
Emotions are universal
When two people make the same cognitive appraisal, they will experience the same emotion regardless of environment (and vice versa)
Cognitive-Appraisal Theory (Lazarus):
Three Types
Primary appraisal
Secondary appraisal
Re-appraisal
Cognitive-Appraisal Theory (Lazarus):
Primary appraisal of situation
Can be: Irrelevant, positive-benign, or stressful to self
May represent: Harm-loss, threat, or challenge
Cognitive-Appraisal Theory (Lazarus):
Secondary appraisal
Evaluation of available resources to cope with stressful situation
Cognitive-Appraisal Theory (Lazarus):
Re-Appraisal
Monitor situation and modify primary or secondary appraisals
Papez’s Circuit
Neural circuit that mediates the experience and expression of emotion
Papez’s Circuit:
Brain Mechanisms
Hippocampus
Mammilary bodies
Thalamus
Cingulate gyrus
Emotions:
LEFT hemisphere
Happiness and other positive emotions
Emotions:
Right hemisphere
Sadness
Fear
Other negative emotions
Emotions:
Left frontal lobe damage
Severe depression
Anxiety
Aggression
Paranoia
Emotions:
Right Parietal /Temporal lobe damage
Indifference
Apathy
Emotional lability
Undue cheerfulness and joking
Which Hemisphere?
Recognition and expression of emotion
Right Hemisphere
Side of face that displays more intense emotion
Left
Facial muscles controlled by right hemisphere
Amygdala:
Overactivation (electrical stimulation)
Fear and rage response
Emotions: Hypothalamus
Translation of emotions into physical responses
E.g. physical signs of fear and excitement
Emotions: Damage to Hypothalamus
Rage response
Uncontrollable laughter
General Adaptation Syndrome (Selye):
Three Stages
Alarm reaction
Resistance
Exhaustion
General Adaptation Syndrome (Selye):
Alarm reaction
Hypothalamus increases epinephrine
General Adaptation Syndrome (Selye):
Resistance
Persistent stress
Breathing/heart rates return to normal levels
Hypothalamus releases ACTH, resulting in cortisol
Cortisol:
Functions
Maintains high blood glucose levels
Increases metabolism of fats and proteins
General Adaptation Syndrome (Selye):
Exhaustion
Prolonged stress
Pituitary gland and adrenal cortex lose ability to maintain elevated hormone levels
General Adaptation Syndrome (Selye):
Effects of Exhaustion
Physiological processes begin to break down
Fatigue
Depression
Ulcers
Hypertension
Death in extreme cases
Impact of prolonged stress on health
Chronically elevated levels of corticosteroids (cortisol)
Decreased production of lymphocytes and antibodies
Impact of Type A personality on health
Strongly associated with coronary heart disease in males
Amygdala:
Underactivation (lesions)
Lack of response to situations that would ordinarily elicit strong emotions
