03_Sensation and Perception Flashcards

1
Q

Two theories of color vision

A

Trichromatic theory (Young-Helmholtz)

Opponent-Process Theory (Hering)

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2
Q

Trichromatic theory

A

Three types of color receptors (cones)

Each are receptive to a different primary color

All colors are produced by variations in cone activity

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3
Q

Opponent-Process Theory

Three types of bipolar receptors:

A

Red-green

Yellow-blue

White-black

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4
Q

Colorblindness: cause

A

Genetic defect that affects one or more of the three types of cones

Usually X chromosome

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5
Q

Parents of female with color blindness

A

Trait must be inherited from both parents

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6
Q

Parents of male with color blindness

A

Can be inherited only from mother alone

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7
Q

Depth perception:

Retinal Disparity

A

The closer an object, the greater the disparity of the two images

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8
Q

The Four Cutaneous Senses

A

Pressure/touch

Warmth

Cold

Pain

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9
Q

Dermatomes

A

Axons that carry information from cutaneous receptors to spinal cord through dorsal roots

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10
Q

Gate-Control Theory Of Pain

A

CNS can only process a limited amount of sensory information at any one time

Cells in the spinal cord block incoming pain signals

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11
Q

Synesthesia

A

“Joining senses”

Stimulation of one sensory modality triggers a sensation in another sensory modality

Unknown cause

Involuntary, due to biological factors

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12
Q

Psychophysics

A

Study of the relationship between physical stimulus magnitudes and corresponding psychological sensations

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13
Q

Three Psychophysical Laws

A

Weber’s Law

Fechner’s Law

Steven’s Power Law

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14
Q

Weber’s Law

A

The more intense the stimulus, the greater the increase in intensity required for a Just Noticeable Difference

e.g. 1 gram added to 10 grams, 10 grams added to 100

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15
Q

Fechner’s Law

A

Logarithmic Extension of Weber’s law

Experience of stimulus intensity increases arithmetically as stimulus intensity increases geometrically

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16
Q

Steven’s Power Law

A

Applied to extreme range of stimulus intensities

Direct ordinal measure of sensation by experiencer

Description of sensation as an exponential function of stimulus intensity