07c_Movement Disorders and MS

Question 1

Disorders of Movement:

Overview

Answer 1

Damage to the motor areas of the brain

Huntington’s disease

Parkinson’s disease

Question 2

Huntington’s Disease:

Overview

Answer 2

Inherited degenerative disease

Autosomal dominant X gene

Combination of psychiatric, cognitive, and motor symptoms

Question 3

Huntington’s Disease:

Heritability

Answer 3

50% chance of developing the disorder

Usually diagnosed between ages of 30 and 50

Question 4

Huntington’s Disease:

Progress of disease

Answer 4

Emotional and cognitive symptoms

Fidgeting and clumsiness

Facial grimaces and piano-playing playing movements

Chorea becomes more prominent

Question 5

Huntington’s Disease:

Chorea: definition

Answer 5

Jerky, involuntary movements of the extremities

Causes a characteristic “dance-like” gait

Question 6

Huntington’s Disease:

Cognitive impairments

Answer 6

Executive functioning deficits

*Eventual development of Dementia

Question 7

Parkinson’s Disease:

Overview

Answer 7

Dopamine deficit

Degeneration of substantia nigra

Positive and Negative symptoms

Question 8

Parkinson’s Disease:

Positive symptoms

Answer 8

Tremor at rest (e.g. pill-rolling)

Muscle rigidity (rmask-like facial expression)

Akathisia

Question 9

Parkinson’s Disease:

Negative Symptoms

Answer 9

Postural disturbances

Speech difficulties

Bradykinesia

Akinesia

Question 10

Parkinson’s Disease:

Depression Prevalence

Answer 10

50% experience prominent symptoms of depression

Many develop depression as initial symptom

*supports depression as ENDOGENOUS to disease, not reaction

Question 11

Parkinson’s Disease:

Treatments

Answer 11

L-dopa = synthetic dopamine agonist

Recent treatment = inject cells into basal ganglia

Question 12

Multiple Sclerosis:

Cause

Answer 12

Myelin Degeneration in CNS

Question 13

Multiple Sclerosis:

Proposed Etiology

Answer 13

Autoimmune response

Antibodies attack the body’s own myelin

Question 14

Multiple Sclerosis:

Gender Prevalence

Answer 14

More common in women than men

Question 15

Multiple Sclerosis:

Age of onset

Answer 15

20-40 years old

Question 16

Multiple Sclerosis:

Two main types

Answer 16

Relapsing-remitting type

Secondary progressive type

Question 17

Multiple Sclerosis:

Progresssion

Answer 17

85% relapse-remitting type at initial diagnosis

Majority progress to secondary progressive type

Question 18

Secondary Progressive Multiple sclerosis

Answer 18

Gradual worsening of symptoms

No distinct periods of relapse in remission

Question 19

Multiple Sclerosis:

Initial Symptoms

Answer 19

Optic Neuritis (eye pain/blurred vision)

Fatigue that worsens in the afternoon

Motor impairments

Sensory abnormalities

Question 20

Multiple Sclerosis:

Sensory Abnormalities

Answer 20

Muscle weakness

Clumsiness

Loss of balance

Itching

Pain

Numbness in arms, legs, face, or trunk

Question 21

Multiple Sclerosis:

Lhermittes Sign

Answer 21

Electric sensation

Runs down the back into the legs

Question 22

Multiple Sclerosis:

Symptoms that arise as disease progresses

Answer 22

Tremors

Speech and swallowing problems

Hearing loss

Depression

Anxiety

Cognitive impairment

Sexual dysfunction

Incontinence

Question 23

Multiple Sclerosis:

Cognitive Impairment Prevalence

Answer 23

50 to 70%

Most experience mild impairment that may be due to depression and other treatable factors

Risk for cognitive dysfunction increases as disease progresses