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Neuroscience > 05: Overview Of The Cerebellum, Diencephalon, And Telencephalon > Flashcards

05: Overview Of The Cerebellum, Diencephalon, And Telencephalon Flashcards

1
Q

True or false: Similar to the cerebrum, the cerebellum consists of two hemispheres, and a white matter core with deep nuclei embedded in the core.

A

True

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2
Q

What is the name of the midline structure of the cerebellum?

A. Vermis
B. Flocculus
C. Nodulus

A

A

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3
Q

Which cerebellar peduncle contains the major efferent projections of the cerebellum and connects the cerebellum to the midbrain?

A. Inferior
B. Middle
C. Superior

A

C

The inferior contains both afferent and efferent fibers.
The middle contains afferent tracts.

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4
Q

Which of the following cortical zones consists of the majority of the cerebellar hemispheres?

A. Medial zones
B. Lateral zones
C. Intermediate zones

A

B

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5
Q

Which cortical zone is associated with the interposed nuclei?

A. Medial
B. Lateral
C. Intermediate

A

C

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6
Q

True or false: The cerebellum plays an important role in the maintenance of balance, coordination of eye, speech, and skilled limb movements, and motor learning.

A

True

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7
Q

True or false: The diencephalon is located between the cerebellum and brain stem.

A

False

It is located between the cerebral hemispheres (NOT cerebellum) and brainstem.

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8
Q

Which of the following division of the diencephalon plays a role in the gating of information between the cortex and subcortical structures?

A. Thalamus
B. Hypothalamus
C. Subthalamus
D. Epithalamus

A

A

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9
Q

Which of the following structures of the diencephalon will play a major role in the regulation of homeostatic functions?

A. Thalamus
B. Hypothalamus
C. Subthalamus

A

B

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10
Q

True or false: A relay nucleus will receive information from multiple sources and project this information to multiple cortical areas.

A

False

What’s described is an association nucleus.

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11
Q

Which of the following nuclei are considered relay nuclei? Select all that apply.

  • Ventral posterolateral
  • Dorsomedial
  • Lateral posterior
  • Ventral lateral
  • Ventral posteromedial
  • Lateral Geniculate
A
  • Ventral posterolateral
  • Ventral lateral
  • Ventral posteromedial
  • Lateral Geniculate
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12
Q

Which of the following relay nuclei will receive somatosensory input from the contralateral face and project information to somatosensory cortex?

A. Ventral posterolateral
B. Ventral posteromedial
C. Ventral anterior
D. Medial Geniculate

A

B

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13
Q

Which structure separates the cerebral hemispheres?

A. Central sulcus
B. Longitudinal fissure
C. Lateral sulcus

A

C

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14
Q

True or false: The outer surface of the cerebral hemispheres is called the cortex.

A

True

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15
Q

Which sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes?

A. Lateral
B. Cingulate
C. Central

A

C

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16
Q

Which gyri correspond to the primary somatosensory cortex?

A. Precentral and anterior paracentral gyri
B. Postcentral and posterior paracentral gyri
C. Transverse temporal gyri
D. Lingual gurus and the cuneus

A

B

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17
Q

Which of the following areas of the frontal lobe carry out motor functions? Select all that apply.

  • Primary motor area
  • Premotor area
  • Supplemental motor area
  • Frontal eye fields
  • Wernicke’s area
A
  • Primary motor area
  • Premotor area
  • Supplemental motor area
  • Frontal eye fields
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18
Q

Which gyrus is considered part of the inferior parietal lobe?

A. Supramarginal gyrus
B. Lingual gyrus
C. Cuneus

A

A

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19
Q

Which of the following is a key function of the temporal lobe?

A. Allows us to determine location of objects with reference to our body
B. Allows us to identify what an object is
C. Allows us to plan and execute movements

A

B

20
Q

Which of the following parts of the corpus callosum will connect motor and sensory areas of the right and left hemispheres?

A. Genu
B. Body
C. Splenium

A

B

21
Q

True or false: The internal capsule contains both descending and ascending fibers connecting the cortex with subcortical structures.

A

True

22
Q

Which limb of the internal capsule will contain the corticospinal tract?

A. Anterior limb
B. Genu
C. Posterior limb
D. Sublenticular limb

A

C

23
Q

True or false: The basal nuclei consist of the caudate nucleus and lenticular nucleus.

A

True

24
Q

Damage to which of the following arteries would impact motor areas of the cortex that control the upper limb?

A. Anterior cerebral
B. Middle cerebral
C. Posterior cerebral

A

B

25
Q

Damage to which of the following arteries might impact functioning of the internal capsule? Select all that apply.

  • Anterior cerebral
  • Middle cerebral
  • Posterior cerebral
A
  • Anterior cerebral
  • Middle cerebral
26
Q

All of the following are key functions of the parietal lobe except:

A. Language and comprehension
B. Sensory perception
C. Visuospatial processing
D. Balance and coordination

A

D

Balance and coordination are controlled by the cerebellum!

27
Q

Some of the following key functions of the temporal lobe are:

A. Language comprehension
B. Memory and social cognition
C. Dorsal stream of vision
D. A and B
E. B and C

A

D

28
Q

Which of the following lobes of the brain is involved in key functions related to eye movements?

A. Occipital
B. Temporal
C. Parietal
D. Frontal

A

D

It’s called frontal eye fields; the frontal lobe is responsible for motor control (planning and executing).

29
Q

True or false: The key function of the occipital lobe is visual processing.

A

True

30
Q

True or false: The internal capsule is a deep structure of the cerebrum that acts as a two-way tract for conveying information between the cerebral cortex and the diencephalon.

A

True

31
Q

What are the names of the three lobes of the cerebellum? Select all that apply.

  • Anterior
  • Intermediate
  • Medial
  • Posterior
  • Flocculonodular
A
  • Anterior
  • Posterior
  • Flocculonodular
32
Q

Which cerebellar peduncle connects each brain stem structure to the cerebellum?

___ Midbrain
___ Pons
___ Medulla

A. Superior peduncle
B. Inferior peduncle
C. Middle peduncle

A

_A_ Midbrain
_C_ Pons
_E_ Medulla

33
Q

Which cerebellar peduncle contains the following tract components?

___ Mixed fibers
___ Motor fibers
___ Sensory fibers

A. Superior peduncle
B. Inferior peduncle
C. Middle peduncle

A

_C_ Mixed fibers
_A_ Motor fibers
_B_ Sensory fibers

34
Q

Match the nucleus to the cortical zones.

___ Medial zone
___ Intermediate zone
___ Lateral zone

A. Fastigial nucleus
B. Interposed nuclei
C. Dentate nucleus

A

_A_ Medial zone
_B_ Intermediate zone
_C_ Lateral zone

35
Q

Match the cerebellar lobes to the cortical zones.

___ Medial zone
___ Intermediate zone
___ Lateral zone

A. Anterior lobe; posterior lobe
B. Anterior lobe; posterior lobe; nodulus
C. Anterior lobe; posterior lobe; flocculus

A

_B_ Medial zone
_A_ Intermediate zone
_C_ Lateral zone

36
Q

Indicate YES or NO next to the vessel structure if it is involved in circulation to the cerebellum.

  1. Anterior cerebral artery (ACA)
  2. Middle cerebral artery (MCA)
  3. Posterior cerebral artery (PCA)
  4. Basilar artery
  5. Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
  6. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
  7. Superior cerebellar artery (SCA)
A
  1. No
  2. No
  3. No
  4. No
  5. Yes
  6. Yes
  7. Yes
37
Q

What are the major divisions of the diencephalon?

A
  • Thalamus
  • Hypothalamus
  • Epithalamus
  • Subthalamus
38
Q

What is the key function of the thalamus?

A

Plays a role in the gating of information between the cortex and subcortical structures

39
Q

Match the nuclei below to the appropriate category.

___ Anterior nucleus
___ Dorsomedial nucleus
___ Lateral dorsal nucleus
___ Lateral geniculate nucleus
___ Lateral posterior nucleus
___ Medial geniculate nucleus
___ Pulvinar nucleus
___ Ventral anterior nucleus
___ Ventral lateral nucleus
___ Ventral posterolateral nucleus
___ Ventral posteromedial nucleus

A. Association nuclei
B. Relay nuclei

A

_B_ Anterior nucleus
_A_ Dorsomedial nucleus
_A_ Lateral dorsal nucleus
_B_ Lateral geniculate nucleus
_A_ Lateral posterior nucleus
_B_ Medial geniculate nucleus
_A_ Pulvinar nucleus
_B_ Ventral anterior nucleus
_B_ Ventral lateral nucleus
_B_ Ventral posterolateral nucleus
_B_ Ventral posteromedial nucleus

40
Q

Which of the following is a somatosensory relay nucleus for the body?

A. Anterior nucleus
B. Dorsomedial nucleus
C. Lateral dorsal nucleus
D. Lateral geniculate nucleus
E. Lateral posterior nucleus
F. Medial geniculate nucleus
G. Pulvinar nucleus
H. Ventral anterior nucleus
I. Ventral lateral nucleus
J. Ventral posterolateral nucleus
K. Ventral posteromedial nucleus

A

J

41
Q

Which of the following is a somatosensory relay nucleus for the face?

A. Anterior nucleus
B. Dorsomedial nucleus
C. Lateral dorsal nucleus
D. Lateral geniculate nucleus
E. Lateral posterior nucleus
F. Medial geniculate nucleus
G. Pulvinar nucleus
H. Ventral anterior nucleus
I. Ventral lateral nucleus
J. Ventral posterolateral nucleus
K. Ventral posteromedial nucleus

A

K

42
Q

Which of the following is an auditory relay nucleus?

A. Anterior nucleus
B. Dorsomedial nucleus
C. Lateral dorsal nucleus
D. Lateral geniculate nucleus
E. Lateral posterior nucleus
F. Medial geniculate nucleus
G. Pulvinar nucleus
H. Ventral anterior nucleus
I. Ventral lateral nucleus
J. Ventral posterolateral nucleus
K. Ventral posteromedial nucleus

A

F

43
Q

Which of the following is an visual relay nucleus?

A. Anterior nucleus
B. Dorsomedial nucleus
C. Lateral dorsal nucleus
D. Lateral geniculate nucleus
E. Lateral posterior nucleus
F. Medial geniculate nucleus
G. Pulvinar nucleus
H. Ventral anterior nucleus
I. Ventral lateral nucleus
J. Ventral posterolateral nucleus
K. Ventral posteromedial nucleus

A

E

44
Q

Which of the following is a limbic relay nucleus?

A. Anterior nucleus
B. Dorsomedial nucleus
C. Lateral dorsal nucleus
D. Lateral geniculate nucleus
E. Lateral posterior nucleus
F. Medial geniculate nucleus
G. Pulvinar nucleus
H. Ventral anterior nucleus
I. Ventral lateral nucleus
J. Ventral posterolateral nucleus
K. Ventral posteromedial nucleus

A

A

45
Q

Which of the following are motor relay nuclei? Select all that apply.

A. Anterior nucleus
B. Dorsomedial nucleus
C. Lateral dorsal nucleus
D. Lateral geniculate nucleus
E. Lateral posterior nucleus
F. Medial geniculate nucleus
G. Pulvinar nucleus
H. Ventral anterior nucleus
I. Ventral lateral nucleus
J. Ventral posterolateral nucleus
K. Ventral posteromedial nucleus

A

H. Ventral anterior nucleus
I. Ventral lateral nucleus

46
Q

Which of the following are nuclei that receive information from multiple sources, process the information, then send it to multiple cortical association areas? Select all that apply.

A. Anterior nucleus
B. Dorsomedial nucleus
C. Lateral dorsal nucleus
D. Lateral geniculate nucleus
E. Lateral posterior nucleus
F. Medial geniculate nucleus
G. Pulvinar nucleus
H. Ventral anterior nucleus
I. Ventral lateral nucleus
J. Ventral posterolateral nucleus
K. Ventral posteromedial nucleus

Bonus: What are these nuclei classified as?

A

B. Dorsomedial nucleus
C. Lateral dorsal nucleus
E. Lateral posterior nucleus
G. Pulvinar nucleus

Bonus: Association nuclei

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