03. Experimental and Non-experimental Research Designs sub-deck

Question 1

Allocation

Answer 1

the process of assigning participants to conditions in the experiment for the research p. 19

Question 2

Case study

Answer 2

Non-experimental

an in-depth study of an individual or a group of individuals p. 10

Question 3

Choosing an experimental research design

Answer 3

the process of choosing an appropriate experimental research design in order to reduce possible extraneous and confounding variables p. 24

Question 4

Conclusion

Answer 4

a statement regarding the results of an investigation as to whether the hypothesis was supported or not p. 47

Question 5

Control group

Answer 5

a group that is used as a basis for comparison; participants are not exposed to the experimental conditions (the IV) p. 12

Question 6

Controlled variable

Answer 6

variables other than the IV that a researcher holds constant (controls) in an investigation, to ensure that changes in the DV are solely due to changes in the IV

Question 7

Correlational study

Answer 7

Non-experimental

a type of non-experimental study in which researchers observe and measure the relationship between two or more variables without any active control or manipulation of them

Question 8

Counterbalancing

Answer 8

a method used in repeated-measures experimental designs to reduce order effects p. 24

Question 9

Cross-sectional study

Answer 9

Non-experimental

when data is collected from participants from different segments of the population (pre-existing cohorts) to represent a ?snapshot? in time p. 10

Question 10

Dependent variable (DV)

Answer 10

the variable that is being measured in an experiment for changes it experiences due to the independent variable p. 4

Question 11

Double-blind procedure

Answer 11

a procedure in which both the participants and the person conducting the experiment are unaware of which condition participants have been allocated to, in order to reduce experimenter bias p. 25

Question 12

Controlled experiment

Answer 12

a type of investigation in which the causal relationship between two variables is tested in a controlled environment; more specifically, the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable while aiming to control all other variables

Question 13

Experimental group

Answer 13

the group within an experiment that are exposed to experimental conditions (the IV) p. 12

Question 14

Fieldwork

Answer 14

Non-experimental

any research involving observation and interaction with people and environments in real-world settings, conducted beyond the laboratory

Question 15

Generalisability

Answer 15

the extent to which the results of an investigation can be applied to the wider research population p. 48

Question 16

Between subjects design

Answer 16

Experimental design

(also known as independent design) an experimental design in which participants are split into two or more groups; typically a control group and an experimental groups p. 12

Question 17

Independent variable (IV)

Answer 17

the variable that the experimenter manipulates in order to observe the effect it causes on the dependent variable p. 4

Question 18

Interview

Answer 18

Non-experimental design

a type of questionnaire that is usually conducted verbally, involving the researcher asking participants questions and recording their responses p. 9

Question 19

Mixed Design

Answer 19

Experimental design

an experimental design which combines elements of within-subjects and between-subjects designs

Question 20

Longitudinal study

Answer 20

a type of investigation in which data is gathered from participants over an extended period of time, and the participants are followed up after specific time intervals p. 10

Question 21

Observational study

Answer 21

Non-experimental design

a type of study in which data is collected through careful monitoring of participants p. 10

Question 22

Order effects

Answer 22

(also known as practice effects) a source of error in within subjects designs due to the order the participants participate in the experimental and control conditions p. 24

Question 23

Population

Answer 23

(also known as research population) the group of people of interest to an experiment p. 3, 17

Question 24

Questionnaire

Answer 24

Non-experimental design

(also known as surveys) a list of questions that participants can respond to in a variety of formats p. 9

Question 25

Random allocation

Answer 25

when every member of the sample has an equal chance of being assigned to each condition in an experiment p. 19

Question 26

Rating scale

Answer 26

a form of questionnaire collecting numerical data from participants? responses p. 10

Question 27

Literature Review

Answer 27

Non-experimental design

the process of collating and analysing secondary data related to other people?s scientific findings and/or viewpoints in order to answer a question or provide background information to help explain observed events, or as preparation for an investigation to generate primary data

Question 28

Within subjects design

Answer 28

Experimental design

(also known as repeated measures design) an experimental design in which the same participants are in every condition of the experiment p. 12

Question 29

Sample

Answer 29

a subset of the population, commonly referred to as the research participants p. 17

Question 30

Self-report

Answer 30

a participant?s subjective account of an experience; this type of investigation can be conducted through the use of a questionnaire, interview or rating scale p. 9

Question 31

Single-blind procedure

Answer 31

a procedure in which participants are unaware of which condition they have been allocated to, in order to reduce participant expectations p. 25