02b: GI Anatomy and Embryology Flashcards
Mesentary, in general, is (X) that carries (Y) to/from (Z).
X = double layer of peritoneum Y = nerves, vessels and lymphatics Z = organs
THE mesentery is:
mesentery that anchors jejunum and ileum to posterior body wall
Peritoneal ligaments are (X) that (Y).
X = folds/condensations of peritoneum Y = anchor organ to body wall or to another organ
Intraperitoneal organs (are/are not) covered in peritoneum. What, if anything, attaches them to body wall?
Are;
Mesentary suspends them from body wall
What are retroperitoneal organs?
Organs that remain posterior to peritoneal sac
Secondarily retroperitoneal organs develop initially as (X) and then become (Y).
X = intraperitoneal organs Y = compressed against body wall
What separates secondarily retroperitoneal organs from body wall?
A bloodless plane
The urogenital organs are (retroperitoneal/intraperitoneal/secondarily retro).
Retroperitoneal
The major vessels, like aorta and IVC, are (retroperitoneal/intraperitoneal/secondarily retro).
Retroperitoneal
Development of mesenteries in embryo, such as (X), occurs during which process?
X = dorsal mesentary
Lateral folding
During embryonic development: Cranially, a (ventral/dorsal) mesentery arises from (X). (X) eventually becomes which structure?
Ventral;
X = septum transversum
Becomes diaphragm
Adult remnants of ventral mesentery. Star the one attached to (anterior/posterior) body wall.
- Falciform ligament* (anterior body wall)
2. Lesser omentum
What’s the key distinguishing characteristics between foregut, midgut, hindgut?
The arteries that supply them
List derivatives of foregut.
- Stomach
- Liver
- Gallbladder
- Pancreas
- Duodenum (parts 1 and 2)
List derivatives of midgut.
- Small intestine (duodenum parts 3 and 4, jejunum, ileum)
2. Large intestine (cecum, appendix, ascending colon, first half of transverse colon)
List derivatives of hindgut.
- Large intestine (second half of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon)
- Rectum
(X) artery supplies foregut.
X = celiac trunk
(X) artery supplies midgut.
X = superior mesenteric
(X) artery supplies hindgut.
X = inferior mesenteric
In development of stomach, (X) border grows faster and the tube rotates (Y) degrees in (clockwise/counter-clockwise) direction.
X = dorsal Y = 90
clockwise
Lesser sac, aka (X), is part of (Y) and lies dorsal to (Z).
X = omental bursa Y = peritoneal cavity Z = stomach
What’s the omental foramen?
Opening from general peritoneal cavity into lesser sac
Name some additional names for omental foramen.
- Forman of Winslow
2. Epiploic foramen
Anterior wall of lesser sac is created by:
- Stomach
2. Lesser omentum
With embryonic folding and relocation of ventral/dorsal mesogastrium, which (arteries/veins/nerves) also change position?
- Right vagus nerve (relocates posteriorly)
2. Left vagus nerve (relocates anteriorly)
As the foregut rotates, (X) grows extensively, resulting in long sheet of (Y) that hangs from (Z). What structure does this become?
X = dorsal mesogastrium Y = mesentery Z = greater curvature of stomach
Greater omentum
T/F: Greater omentum is still mesentery, with two layers of peritoneum.
Partially false - still mesentery, but 4 layers of peritoneum
List functions of greater omentum
- Adheres to adjacent structures
- Immune
- High absorptive capacity
- Promotes healing
Elaborate on immune function of (greater/lesser) omentum.
Greater;
Primary site via which macrophages/neutrophils enter peritoneal cavity
Which key structures develop in foregut with the duodenum?
- Pancreas
- Liver
- Gallbladder
There are (X) parts of duodenum. Which are intraperitoneal?
X = 4
First (superior) and fourth (ascending)
Second (descending) and third (horizontal) are secondarily retroperitoneal
Uncinate process of (X) is a small lobe stemming from (head/body).
X = pancreas
Head
At head of pancreas, the pancreatic duct joints (X) from (Y), and both go to (Z).
X = common bile duct Y = liver Z = duodenum
C-shaped of duodenum wraps around:
Head of pancreas
Pancreas is (intraperitoneal/retroperitoneal/secondarily retro).
Secondarily retroperitoneal
(X) vessels pass vertically and (anteriorly/posteriorly) between which processes of pancreas?
X = superior mesenteric
Posteriorly;
Between neck and uncinate process
Liver is in contact with which remnant of ventral mesogastrium?
Both:
- Falciform ligament
- Lesser omentum
Which two (X) technically make up the lesser omentum?
X = ligaments
- Hepatoduodenal
- Hepatogastric
The portal triad consists of (X) and travels with (Y).
X = portal vein, common hepatic artery, bile duct Y = hepatoduodenal ligament
There are anastamoses along (greater/lesser) curvature of stomach. Which arteries involved?
Both;
Lesser: Left and right gastric
Greater: Left and right gastro-omental
Celiac trunk main branches.
- Left gastric artery
- Splenic artery
- Common hepatic artery
Short gastric arteries branch off of:
Splenic artery
Common hepatic artery gives off which branches?
- Proper hepatic artery
2. Gastroduodenal artery
Right gastro-omental artery branches off of:
Gastroduodenal artery
Right gastric artery branches off of:
Proper hepatic artery
Left gastro-omental artery branches off of:
Splenic artery
During midgut development, (X) herniate into (Y).
X = intestines Y = umbilical cord
The first (X) degrees of rotation of midgut occurs during herniation. Once the loops are drawn back into body, another (Y) degrees of rotation occur.
X = 90 Y = 180
Total degrees of rotation in midgut is (X) degrees (clockwise/counterclockwise).
X = 270
Counter-clockwise
Ascending colon is (intraperitoneal/retroperitoneal/secondarily retro).
Secondarily retro
Transverse colon is (intraperitoneal/retroperitoneal/secondarily retro).
Intraperitoneal
Descending colon is (intraperitoneal/retroperitoneal/secondarily retro).
Secondarily retro
Together, jejunum and ilium are (X) long and distinguished by (Y).
X = 6-7 meters Y = physical properties (walls, mesentery, etc.)
The (jejunum/ilium) has thicker walls.
Jejunum
The (jejunum/ilium) has less fat in mesentery.
Jejunum
The (jejunum/ilium) has shorter vasa recta.
Ilium
List branches off SMA:
- Inferior pancreaticduodenal
- Jejunal and ileal branches
- Ileocolic (with cecal and appendicular branches)
- Right and middle colic
Which branch off SMA forms anastamosis with branch off celiac trunk?
Inferior pancreaticduodenal (off SMA) with superior pancreaticduodenal (off gastroduodenal artery)
List branches off IMA.
- Left colic
- Sigmoid
- Superior rectal
(Left/right) infracolic space drains out of rectum.
Left
(Left/right) paracolic gutter drains out of rectum.
Both
Supine person will have fluid accumulation in which area(s) primarily?
- Hepatorenal (Morrison) pouch
2. Rectovesical/rectouterine pouch (of Douglas)
