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Body Structures TAP > 02b: GI Anatomy and Embryology > Flashcards

02b: GI Anatomy and Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Mesentary, in general, is (X) that carries (Y) to/from (Z).

A 
X = double layer of peritoneum
Y = nerves, vessels and lymphatics
Z = organs
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2
Q

THE mesentery is:

A

mesentery that anchors jejunum and ileum to posterior body wall

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3
Q

Peritoneal ligaments are (X) that (Y).

A 
X = folds/condensations of peritoneum
Y = anchor organ to body wall or to another organ
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4
Q

Intraperitoneal organs (are/are not) covered in peritoneum. What, if anything, attaches them to body wall?

A

Are;

Mesentary suspends them from body wall

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5
Q

What are retroperitoneal organs?

A

Organs that remain posterior to peritoneal sac

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6
Q

Secondarily retroperitoneal organs develop initially as (X) and then become (Y).

A 
X = intraperitoneal organs
Y = compressed against body wall
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7
Q

What separates secondarily retroperitoneal organs from body wall?

A

A bloodless plane

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8
Q

The urogenital organs are (retroperitoneal/intraperitoneal/secondarily retro).

A

Retroperitoneal

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9
Q

The major vessels, like aorta and IVC, are (retroperitoneal/intraperitoneal/secondarily retro).

A

Retroperitoneal

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10
Q

Development of mesenteries in embryo, such as (X), occurs during which process?

A

X = dorsal mesentary

Lateral folding

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11
Q

During embryonic development: Cranially, a (ventral/dorsal) mesentery arises from (X). (X) eventually becomes which structure?

A

Ventral;
X = septum transversum

Becomes diaphragm

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12
Q

Adult remnants of ventral mesentery. Star the one attached to (anterior/posterior) body wall.

A
  1. Falciform ligament* (anterior body wall)

2. Lesser omentum

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13
Q

What’s the key distinguishing characteristics between foregut, midgut, hindgut?

A

The arteries that supply them

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14
Q

List derivatives of foregut.

A
  1. Stomach
  2. Liver
  3. Gallbladder
  4. Pancreas
  5. Duodenum (parts 1 and 2)
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15
Q

List derivatives of midgut.

A
  1. Small intestine (duodenum parts 3 and 4, jejunum, ileum)

2. Large intestine (cecum, appendix, ascending colon, first half of transverse colon)

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16
Q

List derivatives of hindgut.

A
  1. Large intestine (second half of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon)
  2. Rectum
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17
Q

(X) artery supplies foregut.

A

X = celiac trunk

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18
Q

(X) artery supplies midgut.

A

X = superior mesenteric

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19
Q

(X) artery supplies hindgut.

A

X = inferior mesenteric

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20
Q

In development of stomach, (X) border grows faster and the tube rotates (Y) degrees in (clockwise/counter-clockwise) direction.

A 
X = dorsal
Y = 90

clockwise

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21
Q

Lesser sac, aka (X), is part of (Y) and lies dorsal to (Z).

A 
X = omental bursa
Y = peritoneal cavity
Z = stomach
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22
Q

What’s the omental foramen?

A

Opening from general peritoneal cavity into lesser sac

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23
Q

Name some additional names for omental foramen.

A
  1. Forman of Winslow

2. Epiploic foramen

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24
Q

Anterior wall of lesser sac is created by:

A
  1. Stomach

2. Lesser omentum

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25
Q

With embryonic folding and relocation of ventral/dorsal mesogastrium, which (arteries/veins/nerves) also change position?

A
  1. Right vagus nerve (relocates posteriorly)

2. Left vagus nerve (relocates anteriorly)

26
Q

As the foregut rotates, (X) grows extensively, resulting in long sheet of (Y) that hangs from (Z). What structure does this become?

A 
X = dorsal mesogastrium
Y = mesentery
Z = greater curvature of stomach

Greater omentum

27
Q

T/F: Greater omentum is still mesentery, with two layers of peritoneum.

A

Partially false - still mesentery, but 4 layers of peritoneum

28
Q

List functions of greater omentum

A
  1. Adheres to adjacent structures
  2. Immune
  3. High absorptive capacity
  4. Promotes healing
29
Q

Elaborate on immune function of (greater/lesser) omentum.

A

Greater;

Primary site via which macrophages/neutrophils enter peritoneal cavity

30
Q

Which key structures develop in foregut with the duodenum?

A
  1. Pancreas
  2. Liver
  3. Gallbladder
31
Q

There are (X) parts of duodenum. Which are intraperitoneal?

A

X = 4
First (superior) and fourth (ascending)

Second (descending) and third (horizontal) are secondarily retroperitoneal

32
Q

Uncinate process of (X) is a small lobe stemming from (head/body).

A

X = pancreas

Head

33
Q

At head of pancreas, the pancreatic duct joints (X) from (Y), and both go to (Z).

A 
X = common bile duct
Y = liver
Z = duodenum
34
Q

C-shaped of duodenum wraps around:

A

Head of pancreas

35
Q

Pancreas is (intraperitoneal/retroperitoneal/secondarily retro).

A

Secondarily retroperitoneal

36
Q

(X) vessels pass vertically and (anteriorly/posteriorly) between which processes of pancreas?

A

X = superior mesenteric
Posteriorly;

Between neck and uncinate process

37
Q

Liver is in contact with which remnant of ventral mesogastrium?

A

Both:

  1. Falciform ligament
  2. Lesser omentum
38
Q

Which two (X) technically make up the lesser omentum?

A

X = ligaments

  1. Hepatoduodenal
  2. Hepatogastric
39
Q

The portal triad consists of (X) and travels with (Y).

A 
X = portal vein, common hepatic artery, bile duct
Y = hepatoduodenal ligament
40
Q

There are anastamoses along (greater/lesser) curvature of stomach. Which arteries involved?

A

Both;

Lesser: Left and right gastric
Greater: Left and right gastro-omental

41
Q

Celiac trunk main branches.

A
  1. Left gastric artery
  2. Splenic artery
  3. Common hepatic artery
42
Q

Short gastric arteries branch off of:

A

Splenic artery

43
Q

Common hepatic artery gives off which branches?

A
  1. Proper hepatic artery

2. Gastroduodenal artery

44
Q

Right gastro-omental artery branches off of:

A

Gastroduodenal artery

45
Q

Right gastric artery branches off of:

A

Proper hepatic artery

46
Q

Left gastro-omental artery branches off of:

A

Splenic artery

47
Q

During midgut development, (X) herniate into (Y).

A 
X = intestines
Y = umbilical cord
48
Q

The first (X) degrees of rotation of midgut occurs during herniation. Once the loops are drawn back into body, another (Y) degrees of rotation occur.

A 
X = 90
Y = 180
49
Q

Total degrees of rotation in midgut is (X) degrees (clockwise/counterclockwise).

A

X = 270

Counter-clockwise

50
Q

Ascending colon is (intraperitoneal/retroperitoneal/secondarily retro).

A

Secondarily retro

51
Q

Transverse colon is (intraperitoneal/retroperitoneal/secondarily retro).

A

Intraperitoneal

52
Q

Descending colon is (intraperitoneal/retroperitoneal/secondarily retro).

A

Secondarily retro

53
Q

Together, jejunum and ilium are (X) long and distinguished by (Y).

A 
X = 6-7 meters
Y = physical properties (walls, mesentery, etc.)
54
Q

The (jejunum/ilium) has thicker walls.

A

Jejunum

55
Q

The (jejunum/ilium) has less fat in mesentery.

A

Jejunum

56
Q

The (jejunum/ilium) has shorter vasa recta.

A

Ilium

57
Q

List branches off SMA:

A
  1. Inferior pancreaticduodenal
  2. Jejunal and ileal branches
  3. Ileocolic (with cecal and appendicular branches)
  4. Right and middle colic
58
Q

Which branch off SMA forms anastamosis with branch off celiac trunk?

A

Inferior pancreaticduodenal (off SMA) with superior pancreaticduodenal (off gastroduodenal artery)

59
Q

List branches off IMA.

A
  1. Left colic
  2. Sigmoid
  3. Superior rectal
60
Q

(Left/right) infracolic space drains out of rectum.

A

Left

61
Q

(Left/right) paracolic gutter drains out of rectum.

A

Both

62
Q

Supine person will have fluid accumulation in which area(s) primarily?

A
  1. Hepatorenal (Morrison) pouch

2. Rectovesical/rectouterine pouch (of Douglas)

Body Structures TAP (12 decks)

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