02a: Heart Development Flashcards
Primordial heart cells originate in (X), migrate through (Y) between (ectoderm/mesoderm/endoderm) layers.
X = epiderm Y = primitive streak
Between endoderm and ectoderm layers
Primordial heart cells migrate (rostrally/caudally) and eventually position themselves (rostral/caudal) to (X) in which post-gastrulation layer?
Rostrally;
rostral to
X = oropharyngeal membrane
In splanchnic (lateral) mesoderm
Primary heart field will form:
- Atria
- LV
- Part of RV
Secondary heart field will form:
- Part of RV
2. Outflow tracks (conus cordis, truncus arteriosus)
Fusion of (X) tubes to form heart tube occurs after (Y) event.
X = endocardial Y = lateral body folding
Heart tube has inner (X) and outer (Y) layer.
X = endothelial lining Y = myocardial
Cardiac jelly found between which layers in heart tube?
Endothelial (inner) and myocardial (outer)
(X) forms the epicardium of the heart.
X = mesothelium and underlying CT
Any organ suspended in intraembryonic cavity will be lined by:
Mesothelium
Head folding translocates developing endocardial tubes from (X) to (Y).
X = region cranial to neural plate Y = thoracic region
Epicardium, aka (X), is responsible for forming (Y).
X = serous pericardium Y = coronary arteries
Primordial heart tube receives venous drainage at (caudal/cranial) pole and pumps blood out at (caudal/cranial) pole.
Caudal; cranial
Primordial heart tube is attached to (X) side of pericardial cavity by (Y).
X = dorsal Y = dorsal mesocardium
Fate of dorsal mesocardium.
Central portion breaks down and gives rise to transverse pericardial cavity
Cranial end of primary heart tube is attached to (X). Caudal end is attached to (Y).
X = pharyngeal arches Y = septum transversum
As heart tube continues to elongate, it forms (X) number of dilations. List them, from caudal to cranial.
X = 5
- Sinus venosus
- Primitive atrium
- Primitive ventricle
- Bulbus cordis
- Truncus arteriosus
Primitive atrium will eventually contribute to:
- All LA
2. Trabeculated part of RA
Primitive ventricle will eventually contribute to:
Trabeculated part of LV
Primitive proximal bulbus cordis will eventually contribute to:
Trabeculated part of RV
Primitive distal bulbus cords, aka (X), will eventually contribute to:
X = conus cordis
Smooth parts of RV and LV
Primitive truncus arteriosus will eventually contribute to:
Proximal ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
T/F: Heart tube is asymmetrical throughout development.
False - bilaterally symmetrical in early development
T/F: Cells from secondary heart field will eventually become incorporated into primary heart field.
True
(X) area(s) of primitive heart will undergo rapid growth and the heart will undergo (Y) looping.
X = proximal bulbus cordis and primitive ventricle Y = dextral
During cardiac looping, proximal bulbus cords is displaced in which directions?
Caudally, ventrally, and to the right
During cardiac looping, primitive ventricle is displaced in which directions?
To the left
During cardiac looping, primitive atrium is displaced in which directions?
Dorsally and cranially
GENERAL direction of cardiac looping in cephalic portion of heart tube.
Caudally, ventrally, to the right
GENERAL direction of cardiac looping in caudal portion of heart tube.
Cranially, dorsally, to the left
Primitive inflow of blood to heart initially supplied by (X) pairs of major veins that enter (Y)
X = 3 Y = sinus venosus
List the primitive inflow vessels associated with heart tube. Star those, if any, carrying oxygenated blood.
- Vitelline veins
- Umbilical veins*
- Common cardinal veins
Vitelline veins carry (oxygenated/deoxygenated) blood from (X).
Deoxygenated;
X = yolk sac/intestinal area
Umbilical veins carry (oxygenated/deoxygenated) blood from (X).
Oxygenated;
X = placenta
Common cardinal veins carry (oxygenated/deoxygenated) blood from (X).
Deoxygenated;
X = entire embryo (into heart)
Upon remodeling of the heart’s inflow end, sometime in weeks 4-8, what changes occur?
All systemic blood flows into future right atrium
Fate of vitelline veins.
Form:
- Portion of IVC
- Portal vein
- Splenic vein
- Superior and inferior mesenteric veins
Fate of umbilical veins.
Right: regresses
Left: continues to carry oxygenated blood from placenta to embryo
Fate of cardinal veins.
Form:
- Brachiocephalic vein
- SVC and part of IVC
List adult remnants of left sinus horn, which is part of (X).
X = sinus venosus
- Oblique vein of LA
- Coronary sinus
List adult remnants of right sinus horn, which is part of (X).
X = sinus venosus
Incorporated into RA as:
- Sinus venarum (smooth-walled portion)
- IVC and coronary sinus valves
- Crista terminalis
In fetal circulation, (X) supplies fetus with (Y)% oxygenated blood from (Z).
X = umbilical vein Y = 80 Z = placenta
In fetal circulation, most blood to liver will:
flow through ductus venosum, directly to IVC
In fetal circulation, most blood entering RA will:
pass directly to LA via oval foramen
In fetal circulation, blood entering LA, and then exiting to (X), is (well/partially/poorly)-oxygenated.
X = head and neck (via ascending aorta)
Well-oxygenated
In fetal circulation: Since (X) resistance is high, some blood entering RA and (Y) will get shunted by (Z) to the (ascending/descending) aorta.
X = pulmonary Y = pulmonary trunk Z = ductus arteriosus
Descending aorta
In fetal circulation, blood flows bak to the placenta via:
Umbilical arteries
After birth, which event causes constricted pulmonary vessels to open?
Alveoli fill with air
Adult remnant of umbilical vein.
Ligamentum teres
Adult remnant of ductus venosus.
Ligamentum venosum
Adult remnant of ductus arteriosus.
Ligamentum arteriosus
Adult remnant of umbilical arteries.
Proximal: superior vesical artery
Distal: Medial umbilical ligaments
Lung development begins with (ventral/dorsal) foregut forming (X).
Ventral;
X = respiratory diverticulum
Which part of respiratory system, if any, is derived from endoderm?
Only the epithelium that lines larynx, trachea, bronchi, etc.
(Most/all) of respiratory system derived from:
Most; splanchnic mesoderm
except epithelial lining, derived from endoderm
(X) structure develops and divides trachea/lung buds from (Y).
X = tracheoesophageal septum Y = esophagus
In development of lungs, (X) covering outside of lung will eventually develop into visceral pleura and (Y) covering body wall will develop into parietal pleura.
X = Y = mesoderm
