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ESR > 028 Endocrine Control of Calcium Homeostasis > Flashcards

028 Endocrine Control of Calcium Homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal Ca2+ levels in serum?

A

2.2-2.6mmol/L

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2
Q

What is the normal serum phosphate levels?

A

0.6-1.3mmol/L

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3
Q

What pathwway does PTH act on osteoblasts with?

A

Adenylate cyclase and cAMP formation

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4
Q

Where is Ca2+ reabsorbed in the kidney?

A

Distal tubule

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5
Q

Where is phosphate reabsorbed in the kidney?

A

Proximal tubule

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6
Q

What is PTH secretion regulated by?

A

Vitamin D calcitriol

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7
Q

What is calcitonin secretion regulated by?

A

Calcium levels

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8
Q

Describe vitamin D activation

A
  1. 7-dehydrocholesterol on skin converts to VitaminD3 cholecalciferol by UVB light
  2. VitaminD3 cholecalciferol –> 25 hydroxyvitaminD in liver
  3. 25 hydroxyvitamin D –> 1,25hydroxyvitaminD in kidney by 1a hydroxylase
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9
Q

Which enzyme activates calcitriol

A

1a hydroxylase

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10
Q

Which enzyme deactivates calcitriol?

A

24 hydroxylase

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11
Q

How does increasing PO43- levels affect 24 hydroxylase?

A

Increase leevels

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12
Q

What are some symptoms of hypervitaminosis D

A

High blood pressure, kidney damage, bone loss

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13
Q

What may cause hypervitaminosis D?

A

Drug induced e.g. thiazide diuretics or digoxin

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14
Q

How would you treat hypervitaminosis D?

A

Bispohosphonates to suppress release of calcium from bone

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15
Q

What will excessive synthesis of parathyroid hormone related peptide result in?

A

Increased osteoclast activity and hypercalcamia

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16
Q

Why will there by neuromuscular symtpoms in hypercalcaemia?

A

Numbness because Ca2+ blocks the Na+ channels

17
Q

How does alkalosis cause hypocalcaemia?

A

Causes more Ca2+ to bind to protein

18
Q

What are symptoms of hypocalcamia?

A

Fasciculations, trousseaus sign, Chvestoek sign

19
Q

Which is absorbed more in the gut? Ca2+ or PO43-?

A

PO43-

20
Q

When will maximal 1alpha hydroxylase occur?

A

When Ca2+ is <2.2 mmol/L

ESR (28 decks)

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