020, 021 Thyroid disease

Question 1

Which drug can induce hyperthyroidism?

Answer 1

amiodarone

Question 2

Which HLA mutation is associated with graves disease?

Answer 2

HLA-DR17, DQ2

Question 3

What are side effects of PTU and carbimazole?

Answer 3

Utricaria, rash, agranulocytosis

Question 4

What is the Wolff Cahikoff effect?

Answer 4

When you have so much iodine that there is blockage of T4–> T3

Question 5

What is lugol’s iodine used for?

Answer 5

To render patient euthyroid by overloading iodine before a surgery

Question 6

What is an example of T3 synthetic?

Answer 6

Liothyronine

Question 7

What are hurthle cells?

Answer 7

Suspicious cells found in thyroid cancers.

Question 8

What is the main cause of thyroid cancer?

Answer 8

Papillary thyroid cancer

- presents as lymphadenopathy

Question 9

What are the genetic changes that occur in papillary thyroid cancer?

Answer 9

BRAF mutations -> poor prognosis

Fusion of tyrosine kinase genes

Question 10

Which thyroid cancer is associated with iodine deficiency?

Answer 10

Follicular thyroid cancer

Question 11

How does a follicular thyroid cancer present?

Answer 11

Multi-nodular goitre
Defined by capsular invasion
Metasasis in 50%
Peak incidence at 40-60 years

Question 12

What is medullary thryoid cancer?

Answer 12

Cancer of the C cells,
can be associated with MENII
Presents as diarrhoea, flushing

Question 13

Which cancer cannot be treated with I131?

Answer 13

Medullary thyroid cancer because it does not express Na+/I- symptoter

Question 14

Which type of thyroid cancer is associated with only old patients?

Answer 14

Anaplastic carcinoma

Question 15

Which thryoid cancer is associated with Hashimotos disease

Answer 15

Primary thyroid lymphoma