𝑾𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒅 𝑯𝒆𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒈 Flashcards
What is wound healing?
A mechanism where the body attempts to restore an injured part to its normal structure and function
What are the 4 stages of wound healing?
Hemostasis, Inflammatory, Proliferation, and Remodeling
What happens in the first few minutes of hemostasis?
Vasoconstriction occurs, and platelets begin to stick and form a platelet plug
What are the four main types of wounds based on type?
Laceration, Puncture wound, Crush injury, and Abrasion
What defines a clean wound?
An uninfected operative wound without inflammation that excludes respiratory, genital, alimentary, and urinary tract involvement
What is a contaminated wound?
An open accidental wound from trauma outside a sterile setting, or an operative wound in respiratory, alimentary, genital, or urinary tract without unusual contamination
What characterizes a dirty wound?
Evidence of existing clinical infection with pus, uncontrolled spillage from viscera, and severe inflammation
What cells peak in the first 24 hours during inflammation?
Neutrophils peak in the first 24 hours and cause phagocytosis of bacteria and tissue debris
When do macrophages typically appear in wound healing?
They are present between days 1-3 during the inflammatory phase
What is the main purpose of the proliferation phase?
The formation of a new vascular bed and granulation tissue
What are the key components of granulation tissue?
Fibroblasts, macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and neutrophils
What are the 3 parts of the proliferation stage?
Angiogenesis, Granulation tissue formation, and Re-epithelialization
What occurs during re-epithelialization?
Surrounding keratinocytes facilitate re-epithelialization by proliferating around the wounded area
What is the purpose of the remodeling stage?
Re-epithelialization and formation of scar tissue
What happens to fibroblasts during remodeling?
They alter the extracellular matrix and then transform into myofibroblasts
Why do legs heal more slowly than other body parts?
They are farther from the heart and have poor circulation
What is primary intention in wound healing?
Wound edges are opposed, and normal healing occurs with minimal scarring
What is secondary intention in wound healing?
The wound is left open and heals by granulation, contraction, and epithelialization, resulting in a poor scar
What is tertiary intention?
The wound is initially left open, and edges are later opposed when healing conditions are favorable
Name three local factors affecting wound healing.
Size of wound, presence of foreign body, and infection
Name three systemic factors affecting wound healing.
Nutritional status, systemic diseases (such as diabetes and AIDS), and obesity
What role do neutrophils play in wound healing?
They help in the recruitment of more phagocytic cells including macrophages
What role does the injured endothelium play?
It promotes the release of prostaglandins and cytokines
What is the function of cytokines in wound healing?
They cause migration of inflammatory cells and increase vascular permeability
List three types of abnormal wound healing.
Hypertrophic scar, keloids, and excessive granulation tissue
How can medications affect wound healing?
Steroids can impair the healing process
What lifestyle factors can impair wound healing?
Alcohol consumption and smoking can impair wound healing
What defines a clean-contaminated wound?
It is a surgical wound with a controlled level of contamination
What happens during angiogenesis?
A new vascular bed is formed during the proliferation phase
What is the role of myofibroblasts?
They contract to produce scar tissue
