𝑩𝒍𝒂𝒅𝒅𝒆𝒓 𝑶𝒖𝒕𝒇𝒍𝒐𝒘 𝑶𝒃𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 Flashcards
What is Bladder Outflow Obstruction (BOO)?
A urodynamic concept based on the combination of low flow rates in the presence of high voiding pressure
What are the three main categories of prostatic causes for BOO?
BPH (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia); Prostate Cancer; Prostatitis
List the urethral causes of BOO.
Urethral stricture and urethral stones
What are the bladder neck causes of BOO?
Bladder neck hypertrophy, bladder neck stenosis
What neurological conditions can cause BOO?
Spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, diabetic neuropathy
What is straining in the context of BOO symptoms?
The need to use abdominal pressure to initiate and maintain urination
What is hesitancy as a BOO symptom?
A delay in initiating urination when attempting to void
What does intermittency mean in BOO symptoms?
Urine flow that starts and stops during urination
What is terminal dribbling in BOO?
Prolonged final part of urination with dribbling at the end
Define inadequate/poor stream as a BOO symptom.
Reduced force of the urinary stream during voiding
What is frequency as a storage symptom?
Increased number of urinations throughout the day
What is urgency in BOO?
A sudden compelling desire to pass urine
What is urge incontinence?
Involuntary leakage accompanied by or immediately preceded by urgency
What is nocturia?
The need to wake at night to urinate
What is dysuria?
Pain or burning sensation during urination
What is acute urinary retention?
Sudden painful inability to void urine in the presence of voidable urine in the bladder
What is chronic retention?
Painless inability to void urine in the presence of voidable urine in the bladder (LUTS)
What is the purpose of urinalysis in BOO diagnosis?
To check for infection and other urinary abnormalities
What does urine M/C/S test for?
Microscopy culture and sensitivity to identify specific bacteria and appropriate antibiotics
What is the role of serum creatinine testing in BOO?
To assess renal function and potential kidney damage
What is uroflowmetry used for in BOO?
To measure urine flow rate and pattern
What is cystoscopy in BOO diagnosis?
Direct visualization of the urethra and bladder using an endoscope
What is the first-line treatment for acute urinary retention?
Immediate catheterization
What medications are used to treat BPH-related BOO?
Alpha blockers (tamsulosin) and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (finasteride)
What surgical procedure is commonly used for prostatic BOO?
Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
How is neurogenic bladder typically managed?
Intermittent catheterization, bladder training
What are the treatment options for urethral stricture?
Urethral dilatation or urethroplasty
What are the treatment options for malignancy-caused BOO?
Surgical excision, chemotherapy or radiotherapy
What is a bladder diverticulum?
An outpouching or sac in the bladder wall that forms due to chronic obstruction
Why is chronic kidney disease a potential complication of BOO?
Prolonged backup of urine can damage the kidneys over time
