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Question 1

What is benign prostate hyperplasia?

Answer 1

It refers to the non-malignant enlargement of the prostate gland.

Question 2

What is the incidence of benign prostate hyperplasia?

Answer 2

Occurs in men over 50 years of age and is the most common cause of bladder outflow obstruction in men > 70 years of age.

Question 3

What are the risk factors for benign prostate hyperplasia?

Answer 3

Unknown, genetics, race, older age, hormonal alteration with endocrine changes, stimulation of estrogen, diet, and lifestyle.

Question 4

What are the symptoms of benign prostate hyperplasia?

Answer 4

Symptoms are usually lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).

Question 5

What are the obstructive symptoms of benign prostate hyperplasia?

Answer 5

Straining on passing urine, hesitancy, intermittency, incomplete emptying of the bladder, inadequate/poor stream, and terminal dribbling.

Mnemonic: SHIIIT

Question 6

What are the storage/irritative symptoms of benign prostate hyperplasia?

Answer 6

Frequency, urgency, urge incontinence, nocturia, and dysuria.

Menmonic: FUUND

Question 7

What are other symptoms associated with benign prostate hyperplasia?

Answer 7

Fatigue, anorexia, recurrent UTI, hematuria, nausea & vomiting, anemia, and epigastric discomfort.

Question 8

What does DRE show in prostate examination?

Answer 8

Smooth, firm, symmetric prostate enlargement.

Question 9

What tests are involved in the diagnosis of BPH?

Answer 9

Urine analysis, Serum creatinine & Blood urea nitrogen, Prostate Specific antigen (PSA), Cystourethrography, Cystourethroscopy, Cystoscopy, Trans-rectal ultrasound / catheterization.

Question 10

What are the complications of BPH?

Answer 10

Recurrent UTI, Obstructive uropathy, Urinary retention.

Question 11

What factors influence the treatment of BPH?

Answer 11

Symptoms severe enough to bother patient & affect the quality of life
Renal insufficiency
Frequent urinary tract infections.

Question 12

What are the medical treatments for BPH?

Answer 12

-Alpha-1 blockers (e.g. Tamsulosin, Terazosin) relax the prostate & provide a larger urethral opening

-5-alpha reductase inhibitors (e.g. Finasteride) shrink the prostate gland

-Antibiotic therapy

-Catheterization.

Question 13

What are the surgical treatments for BPH?

Answer 13

Trans-urethral Prostatectomy (TURP) is the gold standard care for BPH, which uses an electrical knife to surgically cut or remove the excess prostate tissue.

Question 14

What are the complications of BPH surgery?

Answer 14

Hydronephrosis, Hydroureter, Gross hematuria, UTI.