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מבחן גמר בילדים > קרדיולוגיה > Flashcards

קרדיולוגיה Flashcards

1
Q

What is thights syndrome?
תסמונת טייטס

A

דלקת של הסחוס המחבר את הצלעות לסטרנום- לא מצריך בירור נוס,

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2
Q

Which symptoms have high suspicion for congenital heart disease in the newborn

A

התעייפות באכילה
FTT
אוושות
הפטומגליה

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3
Q

What are the cyanotic heart disease

A

1- truncus arteriosus
2- TGA
3- Tricuspid atresia
4- TOF
5- Total anomulus of pulmonary veins

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4
Q

What are the non-cynanotic HD?

A

ASD
VSD
AV-canal
PDA
Coractation of aorta

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5
Q

fixed split of S2 with systolic murmur in LBS

which heart disease

A

ASD

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6
Q

ECG finding seen in ASD?

A

rsR’

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7
Q

most common congenital heart anomaly?

A

VSD

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8
Q

The goal of closing small or large PDA?

A

in small- prevent endocarditis
large- prevent CHF + PHN

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9
Q

Split S2 with systolic murmur in ULSB and click after S1 is a/w

A

light and mild pulmoanry stenosis

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10
Q

a newborn present with light systolic murmur on ULSB with radiation of back and axilla.
the pt with no split of S2 or other finding.

what is most likely the dgx?

A

Peipharial pulmonic stenosis

Tx- clinical followup

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11
Q

Where is the most common part of Coroctatio of aorta?

and which other anomaly if commonly seen?

A

below the exit of the left sabclavan in the origon of the ductus
(98%)

above 70% will present also with bi-cuspid valve

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12
Q

what is the most common inital Tx of Cyanotic heart disease

A

PDE1 to prevent PDA closue

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13
Q

Tx for coractation of aorta?

A

Prostaglandins E1- to prevent closure of PDA (and prevent shock)
surgical repair - Tx of Choice

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14
Q

what is a severe complication of Cyanotic HD?

A

Brain abcess

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15
Q

most common cyanotic HD?

A

TOF
10% of all congenital HD

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16
Q

what are the 4 features of TOF?

A
  1. Pulmonary stenosis
  2. RVH
  3. overriding aorta
  4. VSD
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17
Q

which congenital HD is a/w thromboembolic brain events and brain abcess?

A

TOF

התייצגות עם סימני צד נוירולוגים.

אבחנה ע”י הדמיית ראש
טיפול- אנטיביוטיקה לאבצס ולעיתים ניקוז

18
Q

What is the most common Cyanotic HD that discover already at delivery?

19
Q

Tx for total anomylous pulmonary venous return?

A

Immidiate surgery, ECMOuse PDE1- not effective
in severe obstruction respiratory ventilation will not help

20
Q

Ebstain anomaly is?

A

TR
+
low locationof tricuspid valve = smaller RV

21
Q

Which type of murmur is cherx by :
short systolic murmur, low vol, LSB, no radiation and getting weaker at sitting?

A

Physiologic murmur

80% prevalence, mainly in that first half year, age 3-7 and on puberty

mainly seen when CO is eleveted- stress, fever

22
Q

Premature atrial contraction around delivery- workup?

A

Follow-up. mainly benigh

23
Q

Which clinical presenation of Premature ventirucle contraction is usally more benigh?

A
  • Heart with normal morphological stracture
  • single beats which disapper with elevation in HR
24
Q

מהי האינדיקציה החשובה ביותר לבירור ושקילת טיפול בפעימות חדריות מוקדמות?

A

**הכי חשוב- מחלת לב ברקע / ניתוח בעבר
**
בנוסף:
* יותר מ-2 פעימות רצופות
* PVC מולטיפורמי
* עליה בתדירות הפעימות במאמץ
* הפעימה מופיעה על גל T של הפעימה הקודמת
* PVC < 20% מכלל הפעימות

25
Q

Tx for PVC (premature ventricular contractions)

A

1st line- lidocaine
2nd line- amiodarone

26
Q

Dgx of long QT syndrome?

and Tx

A

ECG during stress + 24h holter

Tx- BB

27
Q

indication of ICD for long QT syndrome?

A

pt after Heart arrest
refactory syncope
mut. in LQT3

28
Q

Congenital AV block?

A

Congenital SLE- check for Ab anti RO mainly (also Anti-La)

indiaiton for ICD- syncome, prolong pause in HB, HB< 50

29
Q

Stable VT Tx?

A

Amiodarone > lidocaine

30
Q

which type of infection can be seen in PT who get nutrients by TPN

A

high risk for fungal infections

31
Q

prognosis of myocarditis in babies?

A

75% mortality rate
risk for dilated cardiomyopathy in future

32
Q

Which bcateria can cuse pericarditis?

A

pneumoccoc, GAS, SA, Hib, mycoplasma

33
Q

most common reason for primary HTN in kids?

34
Q

most common cause for secondary HTN in kids?

A

90% secondary to kidney disease

ex.- scarring due to reflux UTI
neurofibromatosis- pheochromicytoma / RAS

35
Q

How to Dgx inborn errors in arota and its branches?

A

Echo + CT/MRI

symp. pt + evidanve of trachea pressure = surgery

36
Q

ECG of brugada syndrome?

A

Diffuse ST V1-V3
(coved ST elevation)

AD inheritance- SCN5A gene (30% of cases)

37
Q

Digeorge syndrome
chromosomal abnormality
Cardiac defects
electrolyte problems?
Dgx?

A

22.11q

TOF + Truncus (most common)
a-thymic
hypocalcemia

Dgx- FISH

38
Q

Hypercalcemia + supra-vulvuar aortic stenosis is a/w?

A

Williams syndrome
cocktail party personality
elf face, chrom. 7

39
Q

Which syndrome is a/w
MS
AS
coractation of aorta

A

Shon complex (rare malformation)

left side obstructions

40
Q

Eisenmieger syndrome definition

A

When the shunt switch from L to R to
R > > L
Cyanosis

מבחן גמר בילדים (23 decks)

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