zoonotic infections Flashcards
what antibiotic is usually used for all zoonotic infections ?
doxycycline
what is the cause of cat scratch fever ?
bartonella henselae
what is the presentation of cat scratch fever ?
usually happens in children and about a week later they exhibit tender lymphadenopathy proximal to the site of the scratch
what rare complication is associated with cat scratch fever and AIDS patients ?
bacillary angiomatosis
which is often mistaken for kaposi sarcoma
what is kaposi sarcoma caused by ?
angioproliferation due to HHV-8
what are the key differences between kaposi sarcoma and bacillary angiomatosis ?
kaposi sarcoma on biopsy shows lymphocytes
BA shows neutrophils
how can you get brucella and what type of patients get brucellosis ?
lives in cows and goats , get it from consuming unpasteurized milk and cheese
classic patient : worker in meat packing plant
what is the presentation of brucellosis ?
flu like illness
high fever that rises and falls
profuse sweating
what is the microbe that causes parrot fever ?
chlamydophila psittaci
psittacosis
how does parrot fever happen and who are the classic patients ?
happens by the inhalation of dried parrot feces
classic patients : parrot pet owner or pet store employee
what is the presentation of parrot fever ?
fever headache and a dry cough
what is the cause of q fever and how is it transmitted ?
coxiella burnetti
forms spores that get inhaled
where is the highest concentration of coxiella burnetti spores found ?
in placenta of infected animals
what is the presentation of coxiella and how is it diagnosed ?
pneumonia with flu symptoms
culture negative endocarditis
diagnosis : serology
what are the causes of culture negative endocarditis ?
evidence of endocarditis with sterile blood culture
cause by :
coxiella brunetti
bartonella
what is the cause of rabbit fever , and what are the reservoirs ?
francisella tularensis
ticks deer flies and rabbits
who is the classic patient associated with francisella infection ?
rabbit hunters
what is the most common form of rabbit fever ?
ulceroglandular tularemia
fever chills and malaise
skin ulcer at site of bite
swollen painful lymph nodes
what is the treatment of rabbit fever ?
streptomycin or doxycycline
where is pasteurella found ?
lives in the mouths of cats and dogs
what are the infections caused by pasteurella ?
cellulitis
osteomyelitis
what is the cause of leptospirosis ?
leprtospira interrogans
lives in rodents and is transmitted through their urine which infects water bodies
who is the classic patient associated with leptospirosis ?
classic case of a surfer or swimmer in the tropics
what illness is transported through the lone star tick ?
ehrlichia
what is the principle reservoir for ehrlichia ?
white tail deer
what is seen on blood smear in ehrlichia ?
these are obligate intracellular bacteria
berry like inclusions in monocytes morulae
what are the symptoms of ehrlichia ?
flu like illness
leukopenia
thrombocytopenia
what stain is used for intracellular bacteria ?
giemsa stain
what bacteria is v similar to ehrlichia and what are the key distinctions ?
Anapalsma
morula seen in granulocytes and not monocytes
the tick vector is ixodes scapularis and not lone star tick
what diseases have the vector ixodes scapularis ?
lyme disease
babesiosis
anaplasma
what is the cause of lyme disease and what is the reservoir?
borrelia burgdorferi
caused by tick bite of ixodes scapularis and the reservoir is mice
what is the difference between rickettsia and chlamydia ?
both obligate intracellular bacteria
use host ATP
Chlamydia cannot make ATP
Rickettsi can make some ATP
how is chlamydia vs rickettsia transmitted ?
chlamydia - person to person
rickettsia - tick or insect borne illness
what are the three different rickettsia infections ?
r rickettsii ( rocky mountain spotted fever )
r typhi ( murine typhus)
r prowazekii ( epidemic typhus )
what is the difference between typhus and typhoid ?
typhus is caused by rickettsia
typhoid is caused by salmonella
what is the cause of rocky mountain spotted fever ?
ricketssia rickettsia
what is the classic triad of rocky mountain fever ?
headache fever and rash
maculopapular rash that involves the palms and soles
starts with wrists/ankles
what are the rare complications of rocky mountain spotted fever ?
DIC
encephalitis
seizures
what is the cause of endemic typhus and what is the other name for it?
rickettsia typhi
other name is murine typhus
what is the reservoir of murine typhus and how is it transmitted ?
reservoir is rats
transmitted from rats to fleas
what is the presentation of endemic typhus ?
maculopapular rash that starts in the trunk
what is the cause of epidemic typhus and what is it transmitted by ?
rickettsia prowazekii
transmitted by body louse
what is the bacteria responsible for the bubonic plague and what is the reservoir ?
yersinia pestis
the reservoir is rats sometimes squirrels
what is the presentation of the bubonic plague ( the hallmark )?
intense pain and swelling of a lymph node ares bubo
