fungal pneumonia Flashcards
what are the three catwgories associated with fungal infections ?
pneumonia
skin infections
opportunistic infections
when does dissementation of fungal oneumonia happen ?
in immunocompromised patients
generally what is the treatment of mild disease of fungal pneumonia ?
mild disease - azole drugs
severe disease - amphotericin B
what are the causes of granulomatous disease ?
TB
leprosy
bartonella
brucella
listeria - granulomatosis infantiseptica
schistosoma
gumma in syphillus
what is the geography associated with histoplasmosis, blastomycosis
coccidiomycosis
paracoccidiomycosis ?
1- histoplasmosis and blastomycosis are both in ohio and mississippi river “midwest”
2- coccidiomycosis happens in the southwest of the west , arizona california new mexico
3- paracoccidiomycosis happens in south and central america
where is histoplasmosis usually found ?
caves
usually found in bird or bat droppings
what are the symptoms of histoplasmosis ?
mostly asymptomatic
if there are symptoms its usually hilar lymphadenopathy
mild pneumonia
how is a diagnosis of histoplasmosis made ?
usually made by an antigen antibody test or biopsy
what type of immune respone is associated with histoplasmosis ?
cell mediated immunity
what are the some key features of disseminated disease in histoplasmosis ?
hepatosplenomegaly
ulcers of the tongue or the mouth
bone marrow affection - pancytopenia
what is the presentation of blastocytosis ?
usually asymptomatic but when it is
slow onset of pneumonia
what are the common extra pulmonary features of blastocytosis ?
most common skin affection - verrucous warts with irregular borders
osteomyelitis
what is the classic case of blastomycosis ?
mississippi river exposure
slow onset pneumonia
skin warts
possibly bone pain
what is the classic histological finding associated with blastomycosis ?
forms a granuloma
classic finding is “broad based budding yeast”
how is a diagnosis of blastocytosis made ?
sputum or tissue
where does coccidiomycosis grow ?
grows as mold beneath desert surface
what is the classic pathology associated with coccidiomycosis ?
spherule filled with endospores
what is the presentation of coccidiomycosis ?
usually asymptomatic
but when symptomatic
patients get valley fever
what is the presentation of valley fever
patients with coccidiomycosis get it
fever malaise cough
arthalgia
erythema nodosum
what is the feared result associated with coccidiomycosis ?
meningitis
what is the histological finding associated with paracoccidiodimycosis ?
pilots wheel or mickey mouse head
hwo can aspergillus be identified from fungal pneumonia ?
has hyphae but no spores
fever , hemoptysis , only happens in immunocompromised patients
patients are very very sick from the start
