Zoonoses

Question 1

what is a zoonose?

Answer 1

infections that can pass between living animals and humans and the SOURCe of disease is from the animal

Question 2

common zoonoses in the UK

Answer 2

salmonella, 
campylobacter, 
toxoplasma,
psittacosis,
q-fever,
ringworm

Question 3

just some examples of uncommon zoonose

Answer 3

anthrax,
rabies, 
bubonic plague,
tularaemia, 
acuute brucellosis

Question 4

what is rabies?

Answer 4

viral infection transmitted from the bite of an infected animal

Question 5

presentation of rabies?

Answer 5

acute encephaltitis:
malaise, 
headache,
fever, 
mania, 
lethargy,
coma, 
overproduction of saliva and tears, 
unable to swallow,
death by respiratory failure

Question 6

diagnosis of rabies

Answer 6

PCR of saliva or CSF

Question 7

Treatment of rabies?

Answer 7

post-exposure prophylaxis (human rabies immunoglobulin)

Question 8

how are humans infected by brucellosis?

Answer 8

milking infected animals,
parturition,
handling carcasses of infected animals,
consumption of unpasteurised dairy products

Question 9

is brucella gram -ve or +ve?

Answer 9

gram -ve

Question 10

acute presentation of brucellosis?

Answer 10

lasts 1-3 weeks, 
high fever,
weakness, 
fever, 
headaches, 
drenching sweats, 
splenomegaly

Question 11

subacute presentation of brucellosis?

Answer 11

lasts >1month,
fever,
joint pain

Question 12

Chronic presentation of brucellosis

Answer 12

lasts for months-years,
flu-like,
malaise, 
depression,
chronic arthritis, 
endocarditis,
epididymo-orchitis,
splenomegaly

Question 13

Treatment for brucellosis

Answer 13

doxacycline (2-3 months) + rifampicin or intramascular gentamycin

Question 14

what organism causes leptospirosis?

Answer 14

L.icterohaemorrhagica

Question 15

presentation of leptospirosis?

Answer 15

fever,
flu-like symptoms, 
jaundice, 
renal failure,
severe- Weil's disease, pulmonary haemorrhage

Question 16

what is the most commonest form of leptospirposis?

Answer 16

L.hardjo

Question 17

presentation of l.hardjo form of leptospirosis?

Answer 17

fever,

meningism

Question 18

risk factors for leptospirosis?

Answer 18

cattle farmer,

exposure to rats or water

Question 19

Investigations for leptospirosis?

Answer 19

ELISA serology,
PCR,
Culture

Question 20

treatment for leptospirosis?

Answer 20

doxycycline,
IV penicillin,
dialysis,
mechanical ventilation

Question 21

what is lyme borrelios spread via?

Answer 21

ticks (lxodes genus)

Question 22

presentation of lyme borrelios?

Answer 22

erythema migrans,
acrodermatitis chronica atroficans,
lymphocytoma,
neuroborreliosis

Question 23

Acrodermatitis chronica atroficans is a presentation of lyme disease, how does it present?

Answer 23

higher presentation in elderly, european,
affects extensor surfaces of distal extremities,
bluish-red discolouration,
peripheral neuropathy

Question 24

lymphocytoma is a presentation of lyme disease, how does it present?

Answer 24

bluish solitary painless nodule,

in earlobe or areola

Question 25

Neuroborreliosis is a presentation of lyme disease, how does it present?

Answer 25

triad of facial nerve palsy, radicular pain and lymphocytic meningitis

Question 26

Investigations for lyme disease?

Answer 26

PCR,

clinical diagnosis,

Question 27

Treatment of lyme disease?

Answer 27

oral doxycycline or amoxicillin or IV ceftriaxone (21 days)