Zoonoses Flashcards
what is a zoonose?
infections that can pass between living animals and humans and the SOURCe of disease is from the animal
common zoonoses in the UK
salmonella, campylobacter, toxoplasma, psittacosis, q-fever, ringworm
just some examples of uncommon zoonose
anthrax, rabies, bubonic plague, tularaemia, acuute brucellosis
what is rabies?
viral infection transmitted from the bite of an infected animal
presentation of rabies?
acute encephaltitis: malaise, headache, fever, mania, lethargy, coma, overproduction of saliva and tears, unable to swallow, death by respiratory failure
diagnosis of rabies
PCR of saliva or CSF
Treatment of rabies?
post-exposure prophylaxis (human rabies immunoglobulin)
how are humans infected by brucellosis?
milking infected animals,
parturition,
handling carcasses of infected animals,
consumption of unpasteurised dairy products
is brucella gram -ve or +ve?
gram -ve
acute presentation of brucellosis?
lasts 1-3 weeks, high fever, weakness, fever, headaches, drenching sweats, splenomegaly
subacute presentation of brucellosis?
lasts >1month,
fever,
joint pain
Chronic presentation of brucellosis
lasts for months-years, flu-like, malaise, depression, chronic arthritis, endocarditis, epididymo-orchitis, splenomegaly
Treatment for brucellosis
doxacycline (2-3 months) + rifampicin or intramascular gentamycin
what organism causes leptospirosis?
L.icterohaemorrhagica
presentation of leptospirosis?
fever, flu-like symptoms, jaundice, renal failure, severe- Weil's disease, pulmonary haemorrhage
what is the most commonest form of leptospirposis?
L.hardjo
presentation of l.hardjo form of leptospirosis?
fever,
meningism
risk factors for leptospirosis?
cattle farmer,
exposure to rats or water
Investigations for leptospirosis?
ELISA serology,
PCR,
Culture
treatment for leptospirosis?
doxycycline,
IV penicillin,
dialysis,
mechanical ventilation
what is lyme borrelios spread via?
ticks (lxodes genus)
presentation of lyme borrelios?
erythema migrans,
acrodermatitis chronica atroficans,
lymphocytoma,
neuroborreliosis
Acrodermatitis chronica atroficans is a presentation of lyme disease, how does it present?
higher presentation in elderly, european,
affects extensor surfaces of distal extremities,
bluish-red discolouration,
peripheral neuropathy
lymphocytoma is a presentation of lyme disease, how does it present?
bluish solitary painless nodule,
in earlobe or areola
Neuroborreliosis is a presentation of lyme disease, how does it present?
triad of facial nerve palsy, radicular pain and lymphocytic meningitis
Investigations for lyme disease?
PCR,
clinical diagnosis,
Treatment of lyme disease?
oral doxycycline or amoxicillin or IV ceftriaxone (21 days)
