Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Infection > Hepatitis > Flashcards

Hepatitis Flashcards

1
Q

Define anicteric hepatitis

A

symptoms but no jaundice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define icteric hepatitis

A

symptoms with jaundice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define fulminant hepatitis

A

severe jaundice with hepatic failure and high mortality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what enzymes’ levels will be raised in acute hepatitis and why?

A

alanine aminotransferase and
aspartate aminotransferase because
excess quantities are released by damaged hepatocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Who is likely to be Infected with hept A?

A

children <5yrs - anicteric or subclinical,

adults too, gets worse with age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

presentation of hept A?

A 
fever,
malaise, 
anorexia, 
n/v,
upper abdominal pain, 
jaundice and dark urine 3-10 days post incubation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is hept A spread?

A

faecal-oral route,
faecal-contaminated food/water,
sex,
injecting drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what antibodies are present in serum in the first 3 months of infection with hept a?

A

HAV IgM antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Prophylaxis treatment of hept a?

A

Human normal immunoglobulin (gives protection for 4 months)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Who should receive hept a immunisation?

A 
sewage workers, 
seronegative haemophiliacs, 
MSM with multiple sexual partners, 
travellers to endemic areas,
people who inject drugs (PWID),
chronic liver disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

prognosis of hept a?

A

recovery is slow but very rare to die from fulminant hept a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Presentation of acute hepatitis B?

A 
anorexia, 
lethargy,
nausea, 
fever, 
abdominal discomfort, 
arthralgia, 
urticarial skin lesions, 
jaundice, 
dark urine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

After infection with hepatitis B, how long until symptoms appear?

A

few weeks- 6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 3 viral forms of hept b seen in blood?

A

infectious viral particles,
non-infectious spheres,
tubules which consist of hept b surface antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the major markers for identifying hepatitis B?

A

serum HBeAg and HBV-DNA show viral replication and HBsAg (acute and chronic hept B),
HBeAg (chronic hept B)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Routes of transmission of hepatitis B?

A

vertical,

horizontal (eg sex, needle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what antibodies indicate recent hept B infection

A

anti-HBc IgM antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define chronic HBV infection?

A

presence of HBsAg in serum for more than 6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what long term sequelae are hept B patients at risk of?

A

chronic liver disease,
membranous glomerulonephritis,
polyarteritis nodosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

indications for anti-viral therapy in patients with hept B and no cirrhosis?

A

2/3:
HBV DNA >22000 IU/ml,
raised ALT,
significant liver inflammation or fibrosis

21
Q

Treatment for hepatitis B?

A

pegylated a-interferon,
entecavir,
tenofovir,
liver transplant

22
Q

what are the 3 most important ways to prevent HBV infection?

A

immunisation,
infection control procedures,
screening of blood donors and transplant donors

23
Q

people who should receive hept b vaccine?

A 
healthcare personnel, 
travelling to endemic areas, 
renal dialysis, 
change sexual partners quickly, 
PWID,
close contact of patient with hept b, 
select emergency services
24
Q

most common prognosis of hepatitis C?

A

chronic HCV infection

25
Q

presentation of HCV

A 
ususally subclinical, in 20%:
malaise,
anorexia, 
fatigue,
severe hepatitis, 
jaundice
26
Q

Transmission methods of HCV?

A

blood,
needles (IDU, tattoos, body piercing),
sexual transmission,
mother-to-child

27
Q

Investigations for HCV?

A

Serum ALT,

detection of HCV antigen and HCV-RNA

28
Q

Treatment for HCV?

A

alcohol abstention,
immunisation for hept A and B,
combination of pegylated a-interferon and ribavirin

29
Q

What are the 4 response patterns to antiviral treatment?

A

non-responder,
viral breakthrough,
relapser,
sustained viral response

30
Q

Hepatitis d is always found with which hepatitis?

A

B,

thus D is termed a “defective” virus

31
Q

What are the 2 ways hepatitis D presents?

A

co-infection (simultaneous infection of hept B and D)

Superinfection (infected with D after B)

32
Q

Transmission of hepatitis D?

A

IDU (most common),
blood,
sex

33
Q

Investigations for hepatitis D?

A

detect IgG and IgM antibody to HDV, HDV-RNA and HDAg in serum

34
Q

treatment of hepatitis D?

A

pegylated a-interferon,

liver transplant

35
Q

HEV mean incubation period?

A

40 days

36
Q

transmission of HEV?

A

sporadic,
faecal-oral route
exposure to under cooked pig products

37
Q

what’s the difference between the 4 geontypes of HEV?

A

1 and 2 cause endemics in developing countries,
3 and 4 worldwide,
3 responsible for sporadic cases

38
Q

Investigations for hepatitis E?

A

serological tests for IgG, IgM and HEV-RNA

39
Q

What can cause hepatitis in the neonate?

A

prenatal- rubella, cytomegaolvirus

perinatal- cytomegalovirus, HSV, parechovirus and enterovirus)

40
Q

Non-viral infections that can cause hepatitis?

A

leptospirosis,
Qfever,
psittacosis/ornithosis

41
Q

What should you do after percuatneous exposure to blood/ bodily fluids?

A

encourage bleeding,
wash with soap and water,
waterproof plaste,
report injury

42
Q

when are health care workers excluded from performing EPP (exposure prone procedures)

A

Hept B e antigen +ve,
hept B surface antigen +ve and HBV DNA of >1000copies/mL blood,
hept C PCR +ve

43
Q

which hepatitis virus are spread via faecal-oral route?

A

Hepatitis A and E

44
Q

How can hepatitis A be prevented

A 
good personel hygiene, 
good sanitation, 
clean water, 
Human normal immunoglobulin, 
active immunisation
45
Q

which hepatitis viruses are spread by infected blood?

A

Hepatitis B, C, D

46
Q

How can hepatitis B, C and D be prevented?

A

Infection control precautions,
screening blood products,
hept B vaccination

47
Q

what is the clinical significance of prolonged HBsAg and HBeAg carriage

A

risk of long term sequelae eg chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and hepatoma

48
Q

what factor is essential for transmission of hepatitis D?

A

Presence of HBsAg

Infection (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions