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Infection > Skin and Soft tissue infections > Flashcards

Skin and Soft tissue infections Flashcards

1
Q

what is impetigo?

A

superficial skin infection, presents with multiple vesicular lesions on an erythematous base and has a golden crust, common on face, extremities and scalp

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2
Q

Common cause of impetigo?

A 
staph aureus,
strep pyogenes (less common)
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3
Q

Risk factors of impetigo?

A 
2-5 years,
skin abrasions, 
minor trauma, 
burns, 
poor hygiene, 
insect bites, 
chickenpox, 
eczema, 
atopic dermatitis
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4
Q

Treatment of impetigo?

A

topical antibiotics (sometimes + oral)

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5
Q

what is erysipelas?

A

infection of the upper dermis,
red and painful area + fever and regional lymphadenopathy and lymphangitis,
has distinct elevated borders

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6
Q

what commonly causes erysipelas?

A

strep pyogenes

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7
Q

risk factors of erysipelas?

A 
areas of pre-existing lymphoedema, 
venous stasis, 
obesity, 
paraparesis, 
dm
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8
Q

what is cellulitis?

A

skin infection involving deep dermis and subcutaneous fat,
spreading erythematous area with no distinct borders,
fever, regional lymphadenopathy and lymphangitis present

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9
Q

predisposing factors of cellulitis?

A

diabetes mellitus,
tinea pedis,
lymphoedema,
lymphangitis

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10
Q

Most likely organisms that causes cellulitis

A

strep pyogenes,

staph aureus

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11
Q

treatment of erysipelas and cellulitis

A

flucloxacillin

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12
Q

what is the most common organism causing folliculitis

A

staph aureus

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13
Q

what is furunculosis?

A

single hair-follicle-associated inflammatory nodule,
extends into dermis and subcutaneous tissue,
usually affects face, axilla, neck, buttocks

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14
Q

furunculosis causative organism?

A

staph aureus

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15
Q

furunculosis risk factors?

A 
obesity, 
dm, 
atopic dermatitis, 
chronic kidney disease, 
corticosteroid uses
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16
Q

what is a carbuncle?

A

infection extends to involve multiple furuncles,
back of neck, posterior trunk or thigh,
purulent material expressed

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17
Q

carbuncle treatment?

A

iv antibiotics

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18
Q

predisposinf conditions to necrotising fasciitis

A 
dm, 
surgery, 
trauma, 
peripheral vascular disease,
skin popping
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19
Q

what is type 1 necrotising fasciitis

A

mixed aerobic and anaerobic infection

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20
Q

typical organisms causing type 1 necrotising fasciitis

A 
streptococci, 
staphylococci, 
enterococci, 
gram -ve bacilli, 
clostridium
21
Q

typical organisms causing type2 necrotising fasciitis

A

strep pyogenes

22
Q

necrotising fasciitis presentation

A 
erythema, 
extensive oedema, 
severe pain,
haemorrhagic bullae, 
skin necrosis, 
crepitus, 
fever, 
hypotension, 
tachycardia, 
delirium, 
mutiorgan failure
23
Q

treatment of necrotising fasciitis

A

surgical review,

broad spectrum antibiotics (flucloxacillin, gentamicin, clindamycin)

24
Q

what is pyomyositis?

A

purulent infection deep within striated muscle,

manifests as an abscess

25
Q

common sites of pymyositis?

A 
thigh,
calf, 
arms, 
gluteal region, 
chest wall, 
psoas muscle
26
Q

presentation of pyomyositis?

A

fever,
pain,
woody induration of affected muscle

27
Q

predisposing factors of pyomyositis

A 
dm, 
HIV/ immunocompromised, 
IDU, 
rheumatological diseases,
malignancy,
liver cirrhosis
28
Q

common cause of pyomyositis

A

staph aureus

29
Q

pyomyositis investigations?

A

CT/ MRI,

gram stain

30
Q

treatment of pyomyositis

A

drainage and antibiotic cover

31
Q

predisposing factors for septic bursitis

A 
rheumatoid arthritis, 
alcoholism, 
DM,
IDU, 
immunosuppresion, 
renal insufficiency
32
Q

presentation of septic bursitis?

A 
peribursal cellulitis, 
swelling, 
warmth, 
fever, 
pain on movement
33
Q

Diagnosis of septic bursitis

A

aspiration of fluid,

common cause is staph aureus

34
Q

what is infectious tenosynovitis

A

infection of the synovial sheats that surround tendons

35
Q

common cause of infectious tenosynovitis?

A

staph aureus and stretococci,

penetrating trauma most commonly incites event

36
Q

presentation of infectious tenosynovitis?

A

erythematous fusiform swelling of finger,
held in semiflexed position,
tenderness over tendon sheat,
pain on extension

37
Q

treatment of infectious tenosynovitis?

A

empiric antibiotics,

hand surgeon

38
Q

diagnostic criteria for staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome?

A

fever,
hypotension,
diffuse macular rash,
3 of following organs involved- liver, blood, renal, gi, cns, muscular,
isolation of staph aureus form mucosal or normally sterile site,
production of TSST1 by isolate,
development of antibody to toxin

39
Q

treatment of toxic shock syndrome?

A 
remove offending agent, 
IV fluids, 
inotropes, 
antibiotics, 
IV immunoglobulins
40
Q

what is panton-valentine leucocidin toxin?

A

gamma haemolysin,
can cause SSTI and haemorrhagic pneumonia,
presents with recurrent boils

41
Q

risk factors for IV-catheter associated infections?

A

continuous infusion >24 hours,
cannula in situ >72 hours,
cannula in lower limb,
patients with neurological/ neurosurgical problems

42
Q

Cause of IV-catheter associated infections

A

staph aureus,

forms biofilm which spills into bloodstream

43
Q

treatment of IV-catheter associated infections

A

remove cannula,
express any pus from thrombophlebitis,
antibiotics for 14 days,
echocardiogram

44
Q

class 1 of surgical site infections?

A

clean wound

45
Q

class 2 of surgical site infections?

A

clean-contaminated wound

46
Q

class 3 of surgical site infections?

A

contaminated wound

47
Q

class 4 of surgical site infections?

A

infected wound

48
Q

procedural risk factors for surgical site infections?

A 
shaving of site night prior to procedure, 
improper preoperative skin preparation, 
improper antimicrobial prophylaxis, 
back in sterile technique, 
inadequate theatre ventilation, 
perioperative hypoxia

Infection (15 decks)

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