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Infection > Antimicrobial Chemotherapy > Flashcards

Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

Groups of antibiotics?

A 
penicillins,
cephalosporins, 
aminoglycoside,
macrolide,
quinolones,
glycopeptide,
others
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2
Q

penicillin used for streptococci, neisseria and spirochetes?

A

benzylpenicillin

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3
Q

main uses of benzylpenicillin

A 
soft tissue,
pneumococcal, 
meningococcal,
gonorrhoea,
syphilis
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4
Q

main uses of amoxicillin?

A

UTI,

RTI

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5
Q

main uses of flucloxacillin?

A

staphylococci

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6
Q

main uses of co-amoxiclav?

A

UTI,
RTI,
soft tissue infection,
surgical wound infection

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7
Q

main uses of piperacillin/ tazobactum?

A

neutropenic sepsis

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8
Q

risk factors or cephalosporins?

A

MRSA,
C.diff,
Vancomycin resistant enterococci

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9
Q

Main use of cefradine?

A

UTI,

soft tissue infection

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10
Q

Main use of cefuroxime?

A

UTI,
RTI,
surgical prophylaxis

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11
Q

Main use of ceftriaxone?

A

hospital infections,

gram -ve bacilli

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12
Q

Main use of ceftrazidime?

A

pseudomonal infections in hospital and CF

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13
Q

what special aboiut ceftaroline?

A

it’s anti-mrsa

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14
Q

Main use of ceftaroline?

A

licensed skin and soft tissue infection,

endocarditis resistant to other treatment

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15
Q

what kind of antibiotic is gentamicin?

A

aminoglycoside

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16
Q

what does gentamicin act against?

A

gram-ve bacilli

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17
Q

What are the main uses of gentamicin

A

serious gram-ve infections eg sepsis and septic shock

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18
Q

Gentamicin side effects?

A

renal toxicity,

ototoxicity

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19
Q

Name the macrolide antibiotics?

A

clarithromycin,
erythromycin,
azithromycin

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20
Q

activity for clarithromycin and erythromycin?

A 
strptococci, 
staphylococci, 
mycoplasma, 
chlamydia, 
legionella
21
Q

activity for azithromycin?

A

gram negative

22
Q

main uses for clarithromycin and erythromycin?

A

resp infection,
soft tissue infection,
STD

23
Q

activity for azithromycin?

A

chlamydia

24
Q

Name the quinolone antibiotics?

A

ciprofloxacin,

levofloxacin

25
Q

activity of ciprofloxacin

A

gram -ve bacilli,
pseudomonas,
staphylococci/ streptococci

26
Q

main uses of ciprofloxacin

A

complicated uti,
complicated hospital pneumonia,
GI infections

27
Q

activity of levofloxacin

A 
enhanced activity against staphylococci/ strep,
pneumococcus,
mycoplasma, 
chlamydia,
legionella
28
Q

main use of levofloxacin

A

2nd or 3rd line agent against pneumonia

29
Q

name the glycopeptide antibiotics

A

vancomycin,

teicoplanin

30
Q

activity of glycopeptide anitibiotics

A

gram +ve only

31
Q

main uses for glycopeptide antibiotics?

A

MRSA,
C.difficle,
allergic to penicillin

32
Q

main use of trimethoprim

A

UTI,
resp infection,
MRSA

33
Q

Main use of co-trimoxazole

A

resp infection,

PCP

34
Q

Main use of clindamycin

A

soft tissue infection,

gangrene

35
Q

Main use of tetracycline and doxycycline

A 
q fever, 
brucellosis, 
chlamydia, 
atypical pneumonia, 
MRSA
36
Q

Main use of rifampicin

A

TB,
MRSA,
complicated staph infections,
meningococcal prophylaxis

37
Q

what does empiric antibiotic treatment mean?

A

prescribing without microbiology results

38
Q

the 4 principles of prescribing?

A

indications for antimicrobials,
diagnosis,
patient characteristics,
antimicrobial selection

39
Q

Sensitivity tests used to see antibiotic sensitivity?

A

Disk Defusion method,

Etest

40
Q

How does the Etest for sensitivity work?

A

Zone of inhibition must be above the minimum inhibitory concentration

41
Q

what are the 4 main mechanisms of resistance?

A

enzymatic inactivation of drug,
modified targets for drugs,
reduced permeability to drugs,
refflux of drug

42
Q

what are the methods of resistance with regards to genetics?

A

chromosomally mediated,

plasmid mediated

43
Q

Describe MRSA

A

penicillinase resistant penicillin,

can cause severe invasive infections

44
Q

What is VRE?

A

vancomycin resistant enterococci,
gram +ve,
colonise in GI in patients with multiple antibiotic exposire,
can cause invasive disease

45
Q

what is ESBL producing enterobacteraciae?

A

Extended spectrum beta-lactamase,

resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics

46
Q

what is CPE?

A

Carbapenem producing enterobacteriacae,
can colonise in healthy gut,
multiply resistant bacteria

47
Q

Factors influencing antibiotic resistance?

A

widespread antibiotic use,
patients surviving longer with more medical conditions and more hospital contact,
more invasive procedures and prosthetic devices,
increased bed pressure

48
Q

what levels would you measure to detect resistance to antibiotic?

A

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)

49
Q

Reasons for failure of antibiotic therapy?

A 
inadequate dose,
route, 
non-compliance, 
bacteria walled off, 
foreign bodies, 
poor penetration

Infection (15 decks)

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