HIV

Question 1

How is HIV transmitted?

Answer 1

sexual
injection drug misuse
blood products
vertical transmission (mother-child)
organ transplant

Question 2

HIV main quick investigation?

Answer 2

POC (Point of Care Testing)

Question 3

What main cells do HIV cells destroy?

Answer 3

Cells of the immune system esp T-h cells that are CD4+

Question 4

what is a normal CD4+ count?

Answer 4

> 500

Question 5

Describe the trend of CD4 as HIV develops?

Answer 5

CD4 count DECREASES

Question 6

AIDS is diagnosed at what CD4 count?

Answer 6

<200

Question 7

How many clinical stages are there of HIV?

Answer 7

4

Question 8

Main symptoms of HIV clinical stage 1?

Answer 8

asymptomatic

Persistent generalised lymphadenopathy

Question 9

Main symptoms of HIV clinical stage 2?

Answer 9

lost <10% of body weight,
muscuocutaenous manifestations,
recurrent URTI,
herpes zoster (in past 5 years)

Question 10

Main symptoms of HIV clinical stage 3?

Answer 10

lost >10% of body weight,
>1 month chronic diarrhoea,
>1 month unknown pyrexia,
oral thrush,
oral hairy leukoplacia,
pulmonary TB (in past year),
bedridden most of day

Question 11

Main symptoms of HIV clinical stage 4?

Answer 11

HIV wasting syndrome,
Pneumocystic jiroveci pneumonia,
Toxoplasmosis of brain, 
Cytomegalovirus,
HSV,
Progressive multi focal leukoencephaly

Question 12

What is classified as an AIDS illness?

Answer 12

infections and tumours that occur due to weakness in the immune system:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
Cerebral toxoplasmosis,
Cryptococcal meningitis,
Cervical cancer,
Kaposi's sarcoma,
CMV retinitis,
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,
Psoriasis

Question 13

what is HIV seroconversion illness?

Answer 13

HIV antibodies first develop,
abrupt onset,
self limiting

Question 14

HIV seroconversion symptoms?

Answer 14

flu-like illness,
fever,
malaise and lethargy,
pharyngitis, 
lymphadenopathy,
toxic exanthema

Question 15

what is Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia?

Answer 15

common late stage AIDS infection,
CD4 cell count <200,
dry cough,
increasing breathlessness

Question 16

Investigations of pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia?

Answer 16

CXR,
induced sputum,
broncoscopy for PCR

Question 17

Treatment for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia?

Answer 17

cotrimoxazole,

pentamidine

Question 18

Treatment for HIV?

Answer 18

Combination antiretroviral therapy for life

Question 19

when should a pregnant woman start HIV treatment?

Answer 19

before third trimester

Question 20

Types of HIV antiviral drugs?

Answer 20

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (Abacavir),
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (Delaviridine),
Protease inhibitors (Atazanavir),
integrase inhibitors (Raltegavir)

Question 21

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors side effects?

Answer 21

marrow toxicity,
neuropathy,
lipodystrophy

Question 22

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors side effects?

Answer 22

skin rashes,
hypersensitivity,
drug interactions,
neuropsychiatric effects

Question 23

protease inhibitors side effects

Answer 23

drug interactions,
diarrhoea,
lipodystrophy,
hyperlipidaemia

Question 24

Integrase inhibitors side effects?

Answer 24

rashes,

disturbed sleep

Question 25

Investigations for HIV

Answer 25

POC,

ELISA (for HIV anitgen/ antibody testing)

Question 26

Aim of HIV treatment?

Answer 26

To manage:
Viral load,
Viral resistance,
CD4 count,
Drug levels