HIV Flashcards
How is HIV transmitted?
sexual injection drug misuse blood products vertical transmission (mother-child) organ transplant
HIV main quick investigation?
POC (Point of Care Testing)
What main cells do HIV cells destroy?
Cells of the immune system esp T-h cells that are CD4+
what is a normal CD4+ count?
> 500
Describe the trend of CD4 as HIV develops?
CD4 count DECREASES
AIDS is diagnosed at what CD4 count?
<200
How many clinical stages are there of HIV?
4
Main symptoms of HIV clinical stage 1?
asymptomatic
Persistent generalised lymphadenopathy
Main symptoms of HIV clinical stage 2?
lost <10% of body weight,
muscuocutaenous manifestations,
recurrent URTI,
herpes zoster (in past 5 years)
Main symptoms of HIV clinical stage 3?
lost >10% of body weight, >1 month chronic diarrhoea, >1 month unknown pyrexia, oral thrush, oral hairy leukoplacia, pulmonary TB (in past year), bedridden most of day
Main symptoms of HIV clinical stage 4?
HIV wasting syndrome, Pneumocystic jiroveci pneumonia, Toxoplasmosis of brain, Cytomegalovirus, HSV, Progressive multi focal leukoencephaly
What is classified as an AIDS illness?
infections and tumours that occur due to weakness in the immune system: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Cerebral toxoplasmosis, Cryptococcal meningitis, Cervical cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, CMV retinitis, Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Psoriasis
what is HIV seroconversion illness?
HIV antibodies first develop,
abrupt onset,
self limiting
HIV seroconversion symptoms?
flu-like illness, fever, malaise and lethargy, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy, toxic exanthema
what is Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia?
common late stage AIDS infection,
CD4 cell count <200,
dry cough,
increasing breathlessness
Investigations of pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia?
CXR,
induced sputum,
broncoscopy for PCR
Treatment for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia?
cotrimoxazole,
pentamidine
Treatment for HIV?
Combination antiretroviral therapy for life
when should a pregnant woman start HIV treatment?
before third trimester
Types of HIV antiviral drugs?
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (Abacavir),
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (Delaviridine),
Protease inhibitors (Atazanavir),
integrase inhibitors (Raltegavir)
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors side effects?
marrow toxicity,
neuropathy,
lipodystrophy
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors side effects?
skin rashes,
hypersensitivity,
drug interactions,
neuropsychiatric effects
protease inhibitors side effects
drug interactions,
diarrhoea,
lipodystrophy,
hyperlipidaemia
Integrase inhibitors side effects?
rashes,
disturbed sleep
Investigations for HIV
POC,
ELISA (for HIV anitgen/ antibody testing)
Aim of HIV treatment?
To manage: Viral load, Viral resistance, CD4 count, Drug levels
