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Infection > Zoonoses > Flashcards

Zoonoses Flashcards

1
Q

What are zoonoses?

A

Infections that can pass between living animals and humans

The source of the disease is from the animal

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2
Q

Why are malaria, schistosomiasis and elephantitis not zoonoses?

A

Even though they are transmitted from animals, they depend on the human host for part of their life-cycle

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3
Q

What is anthroponosis?

A

Reverse zoonoses - humans infecting animals

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4
Q

Examples of anthroponosis

A

Influenza
Strep throat
Leishmaniasis
Chytridiomycosis

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5
Q

How have pathogens developed strategies to ensure their own survival/propagation?

A

Causing a chronic infection to survive

Have a non-human reservoir

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6
Q

Bacterial zoonoses

A 
Salmonella
Campylobacter
Shigella
Anthrax
Brucella
E-coli (verotoxigenic)
Leptospirosis
Plague
Psittacosis (Ornitosis)
Q fever
Tularaemia
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7
Q

Viral zoonoses

A 
Rabies 
Avian influenza
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF)
Ebola virus disease
Lassa Fever
Rift Valley fever
West Nile Fever
Yellow Fever
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8
Q

Parasitic zoonoses

A 
Cysticercosis
Echinococcosis
Toxoplasmosis
Trichinellosis
Visceral larva migrans (toxocara)
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9
Q

Fungal zoonoses

A

Dermatophytoses

Sporotrichosis

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10
Q

Prion zoonoses

A

BSE/CJDV

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11
Q

Common zoonoses in the UK

A 
Salmonella
Campylobacter
Toxoplasma
(Psittacosis – Chlamydophila psittaci – atypical pneumonia – bird contact?)
(Q-fever - Coxiella Burnetti)
Ringworm/dermatophytosis
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12
Q

Uncommon zoonoses (now rarely seen in the UK)

A 
Anthrax
Rabies
Bubonic plague
Tularaemia
Acute brucellosis
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13
Q

What is rabies?

A

Lyssavirus from the bite of an infected animal, mainly dogs

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14
Q

What is the incubation period of rabies in humans?

A

2 weeks to several months

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15
Q

What is the course of rabies?

A

To the brain from peripheral nerves

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16
Q

Presentation of rabies

A

Acute encephalitis

17
Q

Acute encephalitis symptoms

A 
Malaise, headache & fever
Progressing to mania, lethargy & coma
Over production of saliva & tears
Unable to swallow & ‘hydrophobia’
Death by respiratory failure
18
Q

Rabies prophylaxis

A

Human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG)
Infiltrated round the bite (if possible)
+4 doses of rabies vaccine over 14 days

19
Q

How are humans infected with brucellosis?

A

During milking infected animals
During parturition
Handling carcasses of infected animals
Consumption of unpasteurized dairy products

20
Q

Brucella

A

Small, gram negative coccobacilli

21
Q

Species of brucella

A

Melitensis
Suis
Abortus

22
Q

Incubation period of brucellosis

A

5-30 days

23
Q

What is the most common form of brucellosis?

A

Subclinical

24
Q

Brucellosis treatment

A

Long acting Doxycycline for 2-3 months + Rifampicin, or + IM gentamycin for first week(s)
Add cotrimoxazole for 2 weeks in CNS disease

25
Q

What is the most common causative organism of leptospirosis

A

Leptospira hardjo

26
Q

What is leptospirosis?

A

Thin, highly mobile spirochaetes
Many reservoir hosts
Penetrate abraded skin or mucous membranes and cause systemic illness

27
Q

Carriers of leptosprosis

A

Cattle

Rats

28
Q

Presentation of leptospirosis

A

Undifferentiated fever
Myalgia
Headaches
Abdominal pain

29
Q

Causative organism for lyme’s disease

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

30
Q

Host organism for Lyme’s

A

Wild deer, transmitted by tick

31
Q

Presentation of Lyme’s

A

Erythema migrans

32
Q

Neuroborreliosis presentation

A

TRIAD
Peripheral facial nerve palsy
Radicular pain
Lymphocytic meningitis

33
Q

Lyme treatment

A

Oral doxycycline or amoxicillin, or IV Ceftriaxone

Infection (16 decks)

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