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Infection > Skin and Soft Tissue Infections > Flashcards

Skin and Soft Tissue Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is impetigo?

A

Superficial skin infection
Common in children
Golden crust is highly suggestive of this diagnosis

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2
Q

Which bacteria commonly cause impetigo?

A

Staph aureus

Strep pyogenes

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3
Q

Treatment of impetigo

A

Small areas with topical antibiotics

Large areas topical and oral antibiotics

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4
Q

What is erysipelas?

A

Infection of the upper dermis

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5
Q

Symptoms of erysipelas

A

Painful, red area
Associated fever
Regional lymphadenopathy and lymphangitis
Typically has distinct elevated borders

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6
Q

Which bacteria commonly cause erysipelas?

A

Strep pyogenes

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7
Q

What is cellulitis?

A

Diffuse skin infection involving deep dermis and subcutaneous fat
Presents as a spreading erythematous area with no distinct borders
Fever is common
Regional lymphadenopathy and lymphangitis
Possible source of bacteraemia

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8
Q

Which bacteria commonly cause cellulitis?

A

Strep pyogenes

Staph aureus

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9
Q

Treatment of erysipelas and cellulitis

A

Combination of anti-staphylococcal and anti-streptococcal antibiotics

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10
Q

Hair associated infections

A

Folliculitis
Furunculosis
Carbuncles

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11
Q

What is folliculitis and what is the most common cause?

A

Benign condition
Constitutional symptoms not often seen
Staph aureus

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12
Q

What is furunculosis and what is the most common causative organism?

A

Deep infection of the hair follicle leading to abscess formation with accumulation of pus and necrotic tissue
Staph aureus

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13
Q

What is a carbuncle?

A

A cluster of furuncles

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14
Q

Treatment of folliculitis

A

None required

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15
Q

Treatment of furunculitis

A

If no improvement, oral antibiotics might be necessary

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16
Q

Treatment of carbuncles

A

Often require admission to hospital, surgery and intravenous antibiotics

17
Q

What causes necrotising fasciitis?

A 
EMERGENCY
Type I - mixed aerobic and anaerobic infection (diabetic foot infection, Fournier’s gangrene)
Streptococci
Staphylococci
Enterococci
Gram negative bacilli
Clostridium
Type II - monomicrobial
Normally associated with strep pyogenes
18
Q

Treatment of necrotising fasciitis

A

Surgical review mandatory

Broad spectrum antibiotics

19
Q

What is pyomyositis?

A

Purulent infection deep within striated muscle, often manifesting as an abscess
Infection is often secondary to seeding into damaged muscle

20
Q

Commonest cause of pyomyositis

A

Staph aureus

Also gram positive/negatives, TB and fungi

21
Q

What is infectious tenosynovitis?

A

Infection of the synovial sheats that surround tendons

Penetrating trauma most common inciting event

22
Q

Most common causative organism of infectious tenosynovitis

A

Staph aureus

Streptococci

23
Q

Diagnostic criteria for staphylococcal TSS

A

Fever
Hypotension
Diffuse macular rash

Three of the following organs involved:
Liver
Blood
Renal
Gastrointestinal
CNS
Muscular
24
Q

Treatment of TSS

A 
Remove offending agent (ex tampon)
Intravenous fluids
Inotropes
Antibiotics
Intravenous immunoglobulins
25
Q

What causes toxin-mediated syndromes?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

Streptococcus pyogenes

26
Q

What is staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome?

A

Infection due to a particular strain of Staph aureus producing the exfoliative toxin A or B
Characterised by widespread bullae and skin exfoliation
Usually occurs in children but rarely in adults as well

27
Q

Treatment of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

A

IV fluids and antimicrobials

28
Q

Most common organism in IV catheter associated infections

A

MRSA
MSSA
Commonly form a biofilm which then spills into bloodstream

29
Q 
Surgical wounds 
class I
A

Clean wound

30
Q 
Surgical wounds 
class II
A

Clean-contaminated wound

31
Q 
Surgical wounds
class III
A

Contaminated wound

32
Q

Surgical wounds class IV

A

Infected wound

33
Q

Causes of surgical site infections

A 
Staph aureus 
Coagulase negative Staphylococci
Enterococcus
Escherichia coli
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Enterobacter
Streptococci
Fungi
Anaerobes

Infection (16 decks)

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