HIV and AIDS Flashcards
How is HIV spread?
Sexual transmission Injection drug misuse Blood products Vertical transmission Organ transplant
Which cells are affected by HIV?
Those with a CD4 receptor (especially helper T-cells)
What happens to CD4 count and HIV viral load over the course of infection?
CD4 declines
Viral load increases
What is a normal CD4?
> 500
How is HIV classified?
Symptomatic/asymptomatic
What is seroconversion?
Primary HIV (acute, before antibodies develop)
Primary HIV symptoms
Flu-like illness Fever Malaise and lethargy Pharyngitis Lymphadenopathy Toxic exanthema
Looks like glandular fever but without EBV serology
What is the commonest late stage AIDS infection?
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
Opportunistic
dry cough and increasing breathlessness over several weeks
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia treatment
Cotrimoxazole
Pentamidine
What is cART?
Combination antiretroviral therapy
At least 3 drugs from at least 2 groups
Types of antiviral drugs
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Protease inhibitors
Integrase inhibitors
Side effects of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Marrow toxicity
Neuropathy
Lipodystrophy
Side effects of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Skin rashes
Hypersensitivity
Drug interactions
Neuropsychiatric effects
Side effects of protease inhibitors
Drug interactions
Diarrhoea
Lipodystrophy
Hyperlipidaemia
Side effects of integrase inhibitors
Rashes
Disturbed sleep
