Outbreak! Flashcards
What is a hospital acquired infection?
Generally an infection acquired after being in hospital for more than 48 hours
Causes of HAI
UTI Surgical site infection RTI Bloodstream infections (can be central venous catheter related) GI infection Skin and soft tissue infection
What is an outbreak of an infection?
2 or more cases of a infection linked in time and place
What is the chain of infection?
Infectious agent Reservoir Portal of exit Mode of transmission Portal of entry Susceptible host
Infectious agent
Bacteria
Virus
Fungi
Prion
Reservoir
Humans Equipment Environment Food Animals
Portal of exit
Blood and body fluids
Skin scales/wound
Coughing and sneezing
Mode of transmission
Direct or indirect
Inhalation
Ingestion of contaminated food
Portal of entry
Skin/surgical wounds Eyes or mouth Respiratory tract Intestinal tract Tubes (eg IV)
Susceptible host
Underdeveloped immune system
Decreasing immune system
Drugs or diseases
Tubes
Transmission based precautions (contact)
Wash hands
Gloves
Apron
Transmission based precautions (droplet)
Gloves
Aprons
Masks
Eye protection
Transmission based precautions (airborne)
Gloves Aprons Masks Eye protection Respirator
What is a droplet?
> 5µm
Spread assumed to be about 1m
Drop to ground
What is an aerosol
<5µm
Much more widespread
Remain suspended in the air
