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Infection > Immunisation and Prophylaxis > Flashcards

Immunisation and Prophylaxis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the antibody response to infection?

A

Immunological memory results in a fast, high response to prevent infection again

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2
Q

What types of infection are there?

A

First year lectures

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3
Q

Types of vaccine

A 
Live attenuated
Inactivated (killed)
Detoxified exotoxin 
Subunit of micro-organism	
-Purified microbial products 
-Recombinant
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4
Q

Live attenuated vaccines

A 
Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR)
BCG
Varicella-zoster virus
Yellow fever
Smallpox
Typhoid (oral)
Polio (oral)
Rotavirus (oral)
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5
Q

Inactivated vaccines

A 
Polio
Hepatitis A
Cholera (oral)
Rabies
Japanese encephalitis
Tick-borne encephalitis
Influenza
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6
Q

How to detoxified exotoxin vaccines work?

A

Toxin is treated with formalin to form toxoid

eg diphtheria, tetanus

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7
Q

Subunit vaccines

A 
Pertussis (acellular)
Haemophilus influenzae type b
Meningococcus (group C) 	
Pneumococcus 
Typhoid 
Anthrax
Hepatitis B
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8
Q

What is the 6 in 1 vaccine?

A 
Diphtheria 
Tetanus
Pertussis
Polio
Hib
HBV
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9
Q

Childhood immunisation schedule 1

A

6 in 1 vaccine
2 months => + pneumococcal conjugate + rotavirus + Men B

3 months => + rotavirus

4 months => + pneumococcal conjugate + Men B

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10
Q

Childhood immunisation schedule 2

A

1 year => Hib/Men C+ MMR + pneumococcal conjugate + men B

2-8 years => influenza nasal

3-5 years => 4 in 1 booster + MMR

Girls, 12-13 years => HPV

14 years => 3 in 1 booster + Men ACWY

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11
Q

Immunisations for special patient and occupational groups

A 
BCG 
Influenza
Pneumococcal
Hepatitis B
Varicella-zoster
Herpes-zoster
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12
Q

Pneumococcal vaccinations

A

Pneumococcal conjugate polysaccharide vaccine (13 serotypes) - part of childhood immunisations
Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (23 serotypes) - for those at increased risk of pneumococcal infection

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13
Q

Passive immunisation

A

Human normal immunisation

Disease specific immunoglobulin (post-exposure)

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14
Q

Human normal immunisation

A

Contains antibodies against hepatitis A, rubella, measles
Used in immunoglobulin deficiencies
Treatment of some autoimmune disorders, e.g. myasthenia gravis

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15
Q

Disease specific immunoglobulin

A 
Hepatitis B Ig
Rabies Ig
Tetanus anti-toxin Ig
Varicella zoster (chickenpox) Ig 
Diphtheria anti-toxin Ig (horse)
Botulinum anti-toxin Ig
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16
Q

Travel advice - general measures

A 
Care with food/water
Hand washing 
Sunburn / Sunstroke
Altitude 
Road traffic accidents
Safer sex 
Mosquitoes - bed nets, sprays, “cover up”
17
Q

Common immunisations for travellers

A 
Tetanus
Polio
Typhoid 
Hepatitis A
Yellow fever
Cholera
18
Q

Immunisation for travellers in special circumstances

A 
Meningococcus A, C, W, Y  
Rabies
Diphtheria
Japanese B encephalitis 
Tick borne encephalitis
19
Q

ABCD of malaria prevention

A

A wareness of risk
B ite prevention
C hemoprophylaxis
D iagnosis and treatment

20
Q

Malarial chemoprophylaxis

A

Daily =>
Malarone
Doxycycline

Weekly =>
Mefloquine

21
Q

Side effects of doxycycline & mefloquine

A

Photosensitivity

Psychosis, nightmares

Infection (16 decks)

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