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Infection AM > Zoonoses > Flashcards

Zoonoses Flashcards

1
Q

What is rabies?

A

Viral infection transmitted from bite of infected animal, mainly dogs

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2
Q

What is the incubation period of rabies?

A

2 weeks to several months

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3
Q

How does rabies spread in the body?

A

Travels to brain via peripheral nerves and causes acute encepgalitis

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4
Q

How is rabies diagnosed?

A

PCR of saliva or CSF

Often confirmed post mortem on brain biopsy

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5
Q

What is the treatment of rabies?

A

Post exposure prophylaxis- human rabies immunoglobulin around bite, 4 doses of rabies vaccine over 14 days

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6
Q

What is brucellosis?

A

Small gram negative coccobacilli

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7
Q

What is the incubation period of brucellosis?

A

Usually 5-30 days, but up to 6 months

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8
Q

Where is the brucellosis organism excreted into?

A

Milk
Placenta
Aborted foetus

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9
Q

How is brucellosis passed from animals to people?

A

Milking infected animals
Parturition
Handling carcasses of death animals
Consumption of unpasteurised dairy products

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10
Q

What are the 3 species of brucellosis?

A

Melitensis
Suis
Abortus

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11
Q

What is brucellosis melitenis?

A

Most virulent form, host animals are goats, sheep and camels

Occurs in Med, South America, China, India and Middle East

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12
Q

What is brucellosis suis?

A

Host animals are pigs

Occurs in North and South America, and SE Asia

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13
Q

What is brucellosis abortus?

A

Least virulent form
Host animals- cattle and buffalo
Seen worldwide

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14
Q

What are the phases of brucellosis?

A

Acute= 1-3 weeks
Subacute= >1 month
Chronic= months to years
Subclinical

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15
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of acute brucellosis?

A

Hugh undulant fever
Weakness, headaches, drenching sweats
Splenomegaly

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16
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of subacute brucellosis?

A

Fever and joint pain

17
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of chronic brucellosis?

A 
Flu like
Malaise
Depression
Chronic arthritis, endocarditis, epididymo-orchitis, splenomegaly
Rarely meningism
18
Q

What is the treatment of brucellosis?

A

Long acting doxycycline for 2-3 months and rifampicin or IM gentamicin for a few weeks
If CNS disease, add co-trimoxazole

19
Q

What is the most common form of leptospirosis?

A

L hardijo from cattle

20
Q

How does leptospirosis spread to humans?

A

Penetrate unabridged skin or mucous membranes and cause systemic illness
Either via direct or indirect contact

21
Q

What is the incubation period of leptospirosis?

A

2-30 days, normally 10-14

22
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of leptospirosis?

A 
Fever
Meningism
Myalgia
Headaches
Abdo pain
23
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of severe leptospirosis?

A

Weil’s disease- jaundice, AKI, bleeding

Pulmonary haemorrhage

24
Q

What sign doesn’t occur in leptospirosis where L. hardijo is the infective organism?

A

Jaundice

25
Q

How is leptospirosis diagnosed?

A

ELISA serology
PCR
Culture

26
Q

When should leptospirosis be considered?

A

Cattle farmers

Exposure to water or rates

27
Q

How long does leptospirosis culture take?

A

at least 1 week

28
Q

What is the early treatment of leptospirosis>

A

Doxycycline for mild

IV penicillin for severe

29
Q

What is the overall treatment for leptospirosis?

A

Doxycycline or IV penicillin
Prompt dialysis
Mechanical ventilation

30
Q

What is the organism associated with Lyme disease?

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

31
Q

What are the possible signs and symptoms of Lyme’s?

A 
Erythema migrant
Acrodermatitis chronic atroficans (ACA)
Lymphocytoma
Neuroborreliosis
Carditis and heart block
Arthritis
32
Q

When des erythema migrans develop in Lyme’s?

A

3-90 days after bite, normally 7-30

33
Q

What is ACA?

A

Bluish-red discolouration occurring on extensor surfaces of distal extremities
Peripheral neuropathy

34
Q

What causes ACA?

A

B. afzeii

35
Q

What is lymphocytoma?

A

Bluish solitary nodule, usually on earlobe or areola

More common in children

36
Q

What is neuroborreliosis?

A

Triad of facial nerve palsy, radicular pain, lymphocytic meningitis
Symptoms 2-6 weeks after bite

37
Q

How is Lyme’s diagnosed?

A

Clinical diagnosis- neuro symptoms consistent and other causes excluded

38
Q

What diagnostic tests can be done for Lyme’s?

A

CSF pleocytosis

Paired blood and CSF serology

39
Q

What is the treatment of Lyme’s?

A

Oral doxycycline or ampicillin, or IV ceftriaxone

Treat for 21 days, or 28 if ACA or arthritis

Infection AM (11 decks)

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