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Infection AM > Influenza > Flashcards

Influenza Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of virus in influenza?

A

RNA virus

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2
Q

What are the 3 main groups of influenza virus?

A

A
B
C

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3
Q

What are the surface proteins of the influenza virus?

A

18 different H antigens

11 different N antigens

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4
Q

What is the purpose of H antigens?

A

Facilitate viral attachment and entry to host

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5
Q

What is the purpose of N antigens?

A

Enables new virus to be released from host cell

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6
Q

What is antigenic drift?

A

Continual change in antigenic properties and genetic variation

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7
Q

What is antigenic shift?

A

Abrupt major change in virus, resulting in new combinations due to reassortment of gene segments

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8
Q

What does antigenic shift allow for?

A

Flu strain can jump from one species to another

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9
Q

What are the methods of transmission of influenza?

A

Airborne via large droplets

Direct or indirect contact

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10
Q

When does virus shedding occur?

A

First 1-7 days

Longer in young and immunocompromised

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11
Q

What is the viral survival on porous and non porous surfaces?

A

Porous= 8-12 hours

Non porous= 24-48 hours

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12
Q

What is the seasonal flu?

A

Occurs every winter

Unplesant but not life threatening to healthy individuals

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13
Q

What is pandemic flu?

A

Occurs sporadically

Affects 25%+ of population, more serious and more complications

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14
Q

What are the requirements for a pandemic flu?

A

Human pathogenicity
Antigenic shift
Efficient transmission

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15
Q

How is avian flu spread?

A

Direct contact with birds or occasionally through close human contact

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16
Q

What are the risk factors for flu?

A 
Neuro, hepatic, renall, pulmonary or chronic cardiac disease
Diabetes
Severe immunosuppression
>65
Pregnancy
Children <6months
Morbid obesity
17
Q

What is the incubation period of influenza?

A

1-7 days, usually 2-4

18
Q

What can the fever be in influenza?

A

Up to 41, normally 38-40

19
Q

How long does the fever last in influenza?

A

1-5 days

20
Q

What is the clinical definition of influenza?

A

Abrupt fever of up to 41 plus 2 of

  • cough
  • myalgia
  • headache
  • malaise
21
Q

What are the less common symptoms of flu?

A

N&V

Diahorrea

22
Q

What investigations are dome for flu?

A 
Viral nose and throat swabs
FBC, U+E, CRP
Blood culture
Pulse ox
CXR- if pneumonitis, pneumonia or ARDS
23
Q

What is the treatment of flu?

A

Antivirals not always given

24
Q

What are the common antivirals given for the flu?

A

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

Zanamivir

25
Q

What is the treatment of flu in pregnancy?

A

Antivirals recommended, Tamiflu 1st line

26
Q

What are the possible adverse effects of Tamiflu?

A

N&V, abdo pain, diarrhoea

Headache, hallucinations, insomnia, rash

27
Q

What are the possible adverse effects of Zanamivir?

A

Rarely bronchospasm

28
Q

What are the common respiratory complications of the flu?

A

Acute bronchitis

Secondary bacterial pneumonia

29
Q

When does secondary bacterial pneumonia occur in flu?

A

4-5 days after flu onset

30
Q

What is the CXR protocol in the flu?

A

Flu like symptoms and fever >4 days= urgent CXR

31
Q

What are the less common respiratory complications in the flu?

A

Primary viral pneumonia

32
Q

What are the cardiac complications of the flu?

A

Myocarditis

Pericarditis

33
Q

What are the CNS complications of the flu?

A

Transverse myelitis
Guillain Barre
Myositis and myoglobinuria

34
Q

When does flu become non infectious in immunocompetent adults?

A

24 hours after last flu symptoms or antiviral therapy completed, whatever is later

35
Q

When does the flu become non infectious in immunocompromised adult and children?

A

Separate for each case

36
Q

What is the flu vaccine?

A

Viruses grown in allantoic cavity of chick embryos, then clinically inactivated and purified

Infection AM (11 decks)

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