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Infection AM > Immunisation and prophylaxis > Flashcards

Immunisation and prophylaxis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the antibody response to primary infection?

A

Takes time for immune system to recognise and mount response against pathogen

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2
Q

What is the antibody response to a second infection?

A

Faster and larger total antibody count due to immunological memory

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3
Q

What are the types of vaccines?

A

Live attenuated
Inactive
Detoxifies exotoxin
Sub-unit of micro-organism

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4
Q

What are live vaccines used for? 4 examples

A

MMR
BCG
Varicella-Zoster
Smallpox

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5
Q

What are inactive vaccines used for?

A

Hep A
Rabies
Influenza

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6
Q

How are detoxified exotoxins made?

A

Treat toxin with formalin to form toxoid

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7
Q

What are detoxified exotoxins used for?

A

Diptheria

Tetanus

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8
Q

.What are subunits of microorganisms used for?

A

Pertussis
Pneumococcus
Typhoid

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9
Q

What are the differences in administration of live vs killed vaccines?

A

Killed vaccine requires several doses

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10
Q

What vaccinations are given at 2 months?

A

6 in 1
Pneumococcal conjugate
Rotavirus
MenB

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11
Q

What vaccinations are given at 3 months?

A

6 in 1

Rotavirus

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12
Q

What vaccines are given at 4 months?

A

6 in 1
Pneumococcal conjugate
MenB

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13
Q

What vaccinations are given at 1 year?

A

Hib/MenC
Men B
MMR
Pneumococcal conjugate

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14
Q

What vaccines are given between 3 and 5 years?

A

4 in 1 booster

MMR

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15
Q

What vaccines are given at 12-13 years?

A

HPV given to girls

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16
Q

What vaccines are given at age 14?

A

3 in 1

MenACWY

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17
Q

What % should be immunised to achieve herd immunity?

A

90-95%

18
Q

Who is BCG immunisation offered to?

A 
Some infants at 0-12 months
School children with TB risk factors
New previously unvaccinated immigrants from high prevalence countries
Healthcare workers
Contact with res TB patients
19
Q

What infants are given the BCG immunisation?

A

If incidence in area/area of parents’/grandparents’ birth is >40/100,000

20
Q

What are the indications for influenza vaccine?

A 
>65
Nursing home resident
Healthcare workers
Immunodeficiency/immunosuppression
Asplenia/hyposplenism
Chronic liver, renal, cardiac or lung disease
DM
Coeliac
Pregnant
21
Q

What are the 2 types of pneumococcal vaccine?

A

Pneumococcal conjugate polysaccharide vaccine

Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine

22
Q

When and how are pneumococcal conjugate polysaccharide vaccines given?

A

3 doses as part of childhood immunisation schedule

23
Q

When and how are Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines given?

A

Single dose for those at increased risk of pneumococcal infection

24
Q

What are the indications for Hep B vaccination?

A 
Now given to all in 6 in 1
Children at high risk of exposure
Healthcare workers
Immunodeficiency
MSM
Prisoners
Chronic liver or kidney disease
25
Q

What kind of virus is Varicella-zoster vaccine?

A

Live attenuated vaccine

26
Q

How is Varicella zoster vaccine given?

A

2 doses, 4-8 weeks apart

27
Q

What are the indications for varicella-zoster vaccine?

A

Immunosuppressed
Children in contact with severe VZV
Healthcare workers who are serology-negative

28
Q

What kind of vaccine is herpes zoster?

A

Live attenuated vaccine

29
Q

Who is the herpes zoster vaccine given in?

A

All elderly patients

30
Q

What is assessed for risk in travellers?

A 
Health
Previous immunisation
Area and duration of visa
Accommodation
Activities
Remote areas
Recent outbreaks
31
Q

What is done for prevention in travellers?

A

General measures
Immunisation
Chemoprophylaxis

32
Q

What are the common immunisations for travellers?

A 
Tetanus
Polio
Typhoid
Hep A
Yellow fever
Cholera
33
Q

What immunisations can be given to travellers in special circumstances?

A 
Men ACWY
Rabies
Diptheria
Japanese B encephalitis
Tick borne encephalitis
34
Q

What are the types of antimicrobial prophylaxis?

A

Chemoprophylaxis
Post exposure prophylaxis
HIV post exposure prophylaxis
Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis

35
Q

What is an example of chemoprophylaxis?

A

Against malaria

36
Q

What is an example of post exposure prophylaxis?

A

Ciprofloxacin for meningococcal disease

37
Q

When is HIV post exposure prophylaxis given?

A

Needle stick injury

Sexual intercourse

38
Q

What are the methods of prevention of malaria?

A

Awareness of risk
Bite prevention
Chemoprophylaxis

39
Q

What can be given for chemoprophylaxis for malaria?

A

Malarone daily
Doxycycline daily
Mefloquine weekly
Chloroquine weekly and proquanil daily

40
Q

When is malaria related disease suspected?

A

Any illness within 1 year after return, particularly within first 3 months

Infection AM (11 decks)

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