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Infection AM > Infectious diarrhoea > Flashcards

Infectious diarrhoea Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of diarrhoea?

A

Secretory
Osmotic
Inflammatory

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2
Q

What are examples of causes of secretory diarrhoea?

A

Cholera

Enterotoxogenic E. coli

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3
Q

What causes diarrhoea in cholera?

A

Increased cAMP and Cl secretion

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4
Q

What are the clinical features of secretory diarrhoea?

A

Frequent watery stools with little abdominal pain

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5
Q

What can cause inflammatory diarrhoea?

A

Dysentery

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6
Q

What ae the clinical features of inflammatory diarrhoea?

A

Pain and fever

Inflammatory toxin damage and mucosal destruction

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7
Q

What can cause mixed diarrhoea?

A

C. diff

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8
Q

What is the most common cause of viral diarrhoea in under 5s?

A

Rotavirus

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9
Q

How is viral diarrhoea diagnosed?

A

Antigen detection

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10
Q

When is viral diarrhoea more common?

A

Winter

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11
Q

What is the most common cause of viral diarrhoea in adults?

A

Novovirus

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12
Q

What can cause gastro-enteritis?

A

Contamination of foodstuffs
Poor storage of foods
Travel related infections
Person to person

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13
Q

What is the common contamination of foodstuffs that ;eats to gastro-enteritis?

A

Chicken and campylobacter

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14
Q

What are the defences against enteric infections?

A

Hygiene
Stomach acidity
Normal flora
Immunity

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15
Q

What are the clinical features of gastro-enteritis?

A

Severe abdo pain
Dehydration
N&V
Diarrhoea

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16
Q

What is the usual presentation of salmonella gastro-enteritis?

A

Symptom onset <48 hours post exposure

Diarrhoea <10 days

17
Q

What are the most common bacteria causing salmonella gastro-enteritis?

A

S. typhi

S. paratyphyi

18
Q

How is diarrhoea assessed?

A

Symptoms and duration
Risk of food poisoning
Assess hydration
Features of inflammation

19
Q

How is hydration assessed in diarrhoea?

A

Postural BP
Skin turgor
Pulse

20
Q

What are the features of inflammation in diarrhoea?

A

Fever

21
Q

What investigations can be done for diarrhoea?

A 
Bloods
Blood culture
Stool culture
Renal function
Abdo xray if distension
22
Q

What is he differential diagnosis with diarrhoea?

A

IBD
Spurious (overflow) diarrhoea
Carcinoma
Sepsis

23
Q

What is the treatment of diarrhoea?

A

Rehydration

Antimicrobials in certain situations

24
Q

What are the indications for antimicrobial treatment with diarrhoea?

A 
immunocompromised
severe sepsis or invasive infection
valvular heart disease
chronic illness
diabetes
25
Q

What is the treatment of C diff?

A

Stop any unnecessary antibiotics
Metronidazole or oral vancomycin if severe/metronidazole not effective
Stool transplant
Surgery

26
Q

What are the common precipitation antibiotics for C diff?

A

Co-amoxiclav
Ceftriaxone
Clindamycin
Ciprofloxacin

27
Q

What can cause haemolytic uraemic syndrome?

A

E. coli

28
Q

What is the treatment of haemolytic uraemic syndrome?

A

No antibiotics

Supportive care- up to and including dialysis

29
Q

What could cause osmotic diarrhoea?

A

Malabsorption- coeliac, pancreatic disease

Infection AM (11 decks)

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