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Infection AM > Fungal infections > Flashcards

Fungal infections Flashcards

1
Q

What type of infections are fungal infections?

A

Opportunistic

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2
Q

Who do opportunistic infections affect?

A

Impaired immune system- HIV/AIDS, malignancies and transplants, primary immunodeficiencies
CF, asthma
ICU setting

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3
Q

What are the types of candidiasis?

A

Mucocutaneous candidiasis

Invasive candidiasis

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4
Q

What are the risk factors for mucocutaneous candidiasis?

A

Antibiotic use
Moist areas
Inhalation steroids
Neonates <3 months

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5
Q

What are the risk factors for invasive candidiasis?

A

Broad spec antibiotics
Intravascular catheters
Total parenteral nutrition
Abdo surgery

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6
Q

What is the clinical presentation of invasive candidiasis>

A

Bacterial bloodstream infection

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7
Q

How is invasive candidiasis diagnosed?

A

Blood culture or culture from normally sterile site

PCR assay

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8
Q

How is aspergillosis transmitted?

A

Sporulation
Hydrophobic conidia
Airborne/inhalation

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9
Q

What are the types of pulmonary aspergillosis?

A 
Acute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
Subacute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis
Allergic aspergillosis
Pulmonary aspergilloma
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10
Q

What are the risk factors of acute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis?

A

Neutropenic patients
Post transplant
Phagocyte defects

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11
Q

What are the clinical features of acute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis?

A

Angioinvasive
Absent or non specific S+S
Persistent febrile neutropenia, despite broad spec antibiotics

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12
Q

What are the clinical features of subacute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis?

A

Non angioinvasive
Limited fungal growth
Excessive inflammation
Mild to moderate systemic non specific S+S

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13
Q

At what time period is pulmonary aspergillosis considered chronic?

A

3 months

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14
Q

What is chronic pulmonary aspergillosis?

A

Underlying chronic lung condition

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15
Q

What are the clinical features of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis?

A

Pulmonary exacerbations not responding to antibiotics

Increasing respiratory symptoms

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16
Q

Who gets allergic aspergillosis?

A

Those with asthma or CF

17
Q

What is a pulmonary aspergilloma?

A

Fungal mass that usually grows in lung cavities

18
Q

What can pulmonary aspergilloma occur with?

A 
TB
Sarcoidosis
Bronchiectasis
Bronchial cysts and bull
After pulmonary infections
19
Q

How is pulmonary aspergillosis diagnosed in non-neutropenic patients?

A

Culture sputum and/or bronchoalveolar lavage and/or biopsy

Aspergillus specific IgG and IgE in chronic and allergic pulmonary aspergillosis

20
Q

How is pulmonary aspergillosis diagnosed in neutropenic patients?

A

High resolution CT chest
Molecular markers
BAL and biopsies of clinical condition allows

21
Q

How is cryptococcosis transmitted?

A

Via inhalation

22
Q

How can cryptococcus spread within the body within HIV/AIDS?

A

Can disseminate from lungs to braun and cause cryptococcal meningitis

23
Q

What is the clinical presentation of cryptococcal meningitis?

A 
Headache
COnfusion
Altered behaviour
Visual disturbances
Coma
24
Q

How is cryptococcosis diagnosed?

A

CSF- indian ink, culture, high protein, low glucose

Bloods- culture, cryptococcus antigen

25
Q

What is the mortality of cryptococcal meningitis?

A

25% in USA

70% in Africa

26
Q

What are the types of anti fungal agents?

A

Amphotericin B
Azoles
Echinocandins
FLucytosine

27
Q

What do amphotericin B drugs act on and how are they given?

A

Acts on ergosterol

IV

28
Q

What do azole drugs act on and how are they given?

A

Inhibits ergosterol synthesis

IV, oral

29
Q

What do echinocandin drugs act on and how are they given?

A

Inhibit gluten synthesis

IV

30
Q

What do flu cytosine drugs act on and how are they given?

A

Inhibit fungal DNA synthesis

IV, oral

Infection AM (11 decks)

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