Zoonoses Flashcards
What are zoonoses?
Infections that can pass between living animals and humans
What is anthroponosis?
Reverse zoonoses, humans infecting animals
What are the common bacterial zoonoses?
Salmonella Campylobacter Shigella Anthrax Brucella E coli Leptospirosis Plague Q fever
What are the common viral zoonoses?
Rabies Avian influenza Ebola Lassa fever West Nile fever Yellow fever Rift Valley fever Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever
What are the common parasitic zoonoses?
Toxoplasmosis
Trichinellosis
Echinococcosis
Cysticerocosis
What are the common fungal zoonoses?
Dermatophytoses
Sporotrichosis
What is the incubation period of rabies in humans?
2 weeks to several months
What are the symptoms of rabies?
Acute encephalitis Malaise Headache Fever Mania Lethargy Coma Over production of saliva and tears Unable to swallow and hydrophobia Death by respiratory failure
What is the treatment for rabies?
Human rabies immunoglobulin infiltrated around bite
+4 doses of rabies vaccine over 14 days
How are organisms excreted by animals in brucellosis?
Milk
Placenta
Aborted foetus
How are humans infected with brucellosis?
During milking infected animals
During parturition
Handling carcasses of infected animals
Consumption of unpasteurised dairy products
What are the symptoms of brucellosis?
Weakness Headaches Drenching sweats Splenomegaly Fever Joint pain
What is the treatment for brucellosis?
Long acting doxycycline for 2-3 months and rifampicin or IM gentamicin for first week
What is leptospirosis also known as?
Weil’s disease
What are the risk factors for Weil’s disease?
Fishing
Weeding
Skinning
Canoeing
What is the treatment for Weil’s disease?
Penicillin asap
How do humans acquire toxoplasmosis?
Oocytes in cat faeces
Trophozoites in undercooked meat
What are the clinical features of toxoplasmosis?
Pneumonia Fever Cough Rash Lymphadenopathy Lymphocytosis Hydrocephalus
What is the diagnosis for toxoplasmosis?
Toxoplasma dye test
IgM antibodies
What is the treatment for toxoplasmosis?
Most don’t require treatment
Sulphonamide and pyrimetamine
How many days after getting bit will erythema migrant occur?
7-30 days
Where is ACA found on the body?
Extensor surfaces of distal exteremities
What is a lymphocytoma?
Bluish solitary painless nodule
What is neuroborreliosis?
Triad of facial nerve palsy, radicular pain and lymphocytic meningitis
How is lyme disease diagnosed?
High serology titres
How is lyme disease managed?
Doxycycline,amoxicillin or cefuroxime axetil fro 2 weeks
