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Infection > Influenza > Flashcards

Influenza Flashcards

1
Q

What type of virus is influenza?

A

RNA

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2
Q

What family does influenza come from?

A

Orthomyxoviridae family

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3
Q

How many main groups of influenza are there?

A

3 (A,B and C)

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4
Q

Who does each influenza group affect?

A

A - Humans, mammals and birds

B and C - only humans

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5
Q

What are the surface proteins found in influenza?

A

Haemagglutinin

Neuraminidase

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6
Q

What is antigenic drift?

A

Changes the antigenic properties so eventually the immune system will not combat the virus as well
Causes worse than normal epidemics and vaccine mismatch

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7
Q

What is antigenic shift?

A

Abrupt major change in virus resulting in new H/N combinations
Enables flu strain to jump from one animal species to another
Combine to form a new subtype

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8
Q

What is seasonal flu?

A

Occurs every winter
Affects 10-15% population
Usually unpleasant but not life threatening

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9
Q

What is pandemic flu?

A

Occurs sporadically
Affects 25%+ population
More serious, more complications

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10
Q

How is avian flu spread?

A

Direct contact with infected birds, dead or alive

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11
Q

What is the incubation period for flu?

A

2-4 days average

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12
Q

What are the clinical features of flu?

A 
Abrupt fever of 41c which lasts 3 days 
Cough 
Sore throat 
Rhinorrhoea 
Myalgia 
Malaise 
Headache 
Nausea 
Vomiting 
Diarrhoea
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13
Q

How long does the flu virus survive?

A

24-48 hours on non-porous surfaces

8-12 hours on porous surfaces

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14
Q

What are the high risk groups for contracting flu?

A 
Chronic respiratory disease 
Chronic heart, neurological, renal and liver disease 
Diabetes 
Immunosuppression 
Morbid obesity (BMI>40) 
Pregnancy
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15
Q

What are common complications of flu?

A

Acute bronchitis

Secondary bacterial pneumonia

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16
Q

What are uncommon complications of flu?

A

Primary viral pneumonia
Myocarditis/pericarditis
Transverse myeltiis/ Guillian-Barre
Myositis and myoglobinuria

17
Q

What are the symptoms of encephalitis lethargica?

A 
Fever 
Headache 
Lethargy 
Sleep reversal 
External ophthalmoplegia
18
Q

What investigations should be done for flu/encephalitis lathergica?

A 
Viral nose and throat swabs 
CXR 
Blood culture 
Pulse oximetry 
Respiratory rate 
U&Es, creatinine and FBC 
CRP
19
Q

What should be used to assess the severity of secondary bacterial pneumonia?

A

CURB65

20
Q

What is CURB65?

A 
Confusion 
Urea >7mmol/L
Respiratory rate >30/min 
Blood pressure (diastolic <60 systolic <90) 
>65 years old
21
Q

What antiviral therapy can be used for flu?

A

Oseltamivir
Zanamivir
Peramivir
Favipiravir

22
Q

What are the side effects of oseltamivir?

A 
Nausea 
Vomiting 
Abdominal pain 
Diarrhoea 
Headache 
Hallucinations 
Insomnia
23
Q

What are the side effects of zanamivir?

A

Occasional bronchospasm (rare)

24
Q

What kind of drugs are oseltamivir and zanamivir?

A

Neuraminidase inhibitors

Infection (12 decks)

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