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Infection > Immunisation, Prophylaxis and Travel Advice > Flashcards

Immunisation, Prophylaxis and Travel Advice Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different types of vaccines?

A

Live attenuated
Inactivated
Detoxified exotoxin
Subunit of microorganism

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2
Q

What are some examples of live attenuated vaccines?

A 
Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) 
BCG 
Varicella-zoster virus 
Yellow fever 
Small pox 
Typhoid (oral) 
Polio (oral) 
Rotavirus (oral)
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3
Q

What are some examples of inactivated vaccines?

A 
Polio (in combine vaccine D/T/P/Hib)
Hepatitis A 
Cholera (oral) 
Rabies 
Japanese encephalitis 
Tick-borne encephalitis 
Influenza
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4
Q

What are some examples of detoxified exotoxin vaccines?

A

Dephtheria

Tetanus

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5
Q

What are some examples of subunit vaccines?

A 
Pertussis 
Haemophilus influenza type B 
Meningococcus group c 
Pnemococcus 
Typhoid 
Anthrax 
Hepatitis B
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6
Q

What is in the 5 in 1 vaccine?

A 
Purified diphtheria toxoid 
Purified tetanus toxoid 
Purified Bordetella pertussis 
Inactivated polio virus 
Purified component of haemophilus influenza b
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7
Q

What childhood immunisations are given at 2 months?

A

5 in 1 vaccine
Pneumococcal conjugate
Rotavirus
Men B

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8
Q

What childhood immunisations are given at 3 months?

A

5 in 1 vaccine

Rotavirus

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9
Q

What childhood immunisations are given at 4 months?

A

5 in 1 vaccine
Pneumococcal conjugate
Men B

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10
Q

What immunisations are given at 1 year?

A

Hib/Men C
MMR
Pneumococcal conjugate
Men b

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11
Q

What immunisations are given at 2,3,4 years?

A

Influenza

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12
Q

What immunisations 3-5 years?

A

4 in 1 booster (DTaP/IPV)

MMR

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13
Q

What immunisations are given to girls at 12-13 years?

A

Human papilloma virus

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14
Q

What immunisations are given at 14 years?

A

3 in 1 booster (dT/IPV)

Men ACWY

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15
Q

What immunisations are given to special patients and occupational groups?

A 
BCG 
Influenza 
Pneumococcal 
Hepatitis B 
Varicella-Zoster (chickenpox) 
Herpes-Zoster (shingles)
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16
Q

What are the indications for the influenza vaccine?

A 
Age >65 years 
Nursing home residents
Immunodeficiency 
Immunosuppression 
Asplenia/hyposplenism 
Chronic liver, renal, cardiac and lung disease 
Diabetes 
Coeliac disease 
Pregnant women 
Health care workers
17
Q

What are the indications for the BCG vaccine?

A

Children with parents/grandchildren born in a country with annual incidence TB>40/100000
New immigrants from high prevalence countries
Contacts (<35 yrs) of resp TB patients
Healthcare

18
Q

What are the pneumococcal vaccines?

A

Pneumococcal conjugate polysaccharide vaccine

Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine

19
Q

What are the indications for pneumococcal conjugate polysaccharide vaccine?

A 
Immunodeficiency 
Immunosuppression 
Asplenia/hyposlenia 
Sickle cell disease 
Chronic liver, renal, cardiac and lung disease 
Diabetes 
Coeliac disease
20
Q

Who is given the hepatitis B vaccine?

A 
Children at risk of exposure to HBV and babies born to infected mothers 
Health care workers 
MSM
Chronic liver and kidney disease 
Prisoners 
Immunodeficiency
21
Q

Who is given the varicella zoster vaccine?

A

Patients with suppressed immune systems (cancer treatment or organ transplant)
Children in contact with those at risk of severe vzv
Health care workers (if sero-neg)

22
Q

Who is given the shingles vaccine?

A

All elderly patients (70-80)

23
Q

What does human normal immunoglobulin contain?

A

Antibodies against hepatitis A, rubella and measles

24
Q

What disease specific immunoglobulins are given post-exposure?

A 
Hepatitis B Ig 
Rabies Ig 
Tetanus anti-toxin Ig 
Varicella Ig 
Diphtheria anti-toxin Ig 
Botulinum anti-toxin Ig
25
Q

What is the risk assessment for travellers?

A 
Health of traveler 
Previous immunisation and prophylaxis 
Area to be visited 
Duration of visit 
Accommodation
Activities 
Remote areas 
Recent outbreaks
26
Q

What general measures should travellers take whilst abroad?

A 
Care with food/water 
Hand washing 
Try to avoid sunburn/sun stroke 
Altitude 
Road traffic accidents 
Safe sex 
Mosquitos -bed nets, sprays, cover up
27
Q

What are the common immunisations for travellers?

A 
Tetanus 
Polio 
Typhoid 
Hepatitis A 
Yellow fever 
Cholera
28
Q

What immunisations should be given to travellers in special circumstances?

A 
Rabies 
Japanese encephalitis 
Tick borne encephalitis 
Diphtheria 
Meningococcoal ACWY
29
Q

What are the most common antimicrobial prophylaxis?

A

Chemoprophylaxis against malaria
Post exposure prophylaxis (ciproflaxacin against meningococcal disease)
HIV post exposure prophylaxis (Needle stick, sexual intercourse)
Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis

30
Q

What is the ABCD for malaria prevention?

A

Awareness of risk
Bite prevention
Chemoprophylaxis
Diagnosis and treatment

31
Q

What should be done to prevent bites from mosquitos?

A

Cover up at dawn and dusk
Insect repellent sprays, lotions (DEET)
Mosquito coils
Permethrin-impregnanted mosquito nets

32
Q

What medications are used as chemoprophylaxis against malaria?

A

Malarone
Doxycycline
Mefloquine
Chloroquine

33
Q

What is the side effect of doxycycline?

A

Photosensitivity

34
Q

What are the side effects of mefloquine?

A

Psychosis
Nightmares
Avoid with history of epilepsy

Infection (12 decks)

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