Immunisation, Prophylaxis and Travel Advice Flashcards
What are the different types of vaccines?
Live attenuated
Inactivated
Detoxified exotoxin
Subunit of microorganism
What are some examples of live attenuated vaccines?
Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) BCG Varicella-zoster virus Yellow fever Small pox Typhoid (oral) Polio (oral) Rotavirus (oral)
What are some examples of inactivated vaccines?
Polio (in combine vaccine D/T/P/Hib) Hepatitis A Cholera (oral) Rabies Japanese encephalitis Tick-borne encephalitis Influenza
What are some examples of detoxified exotoxin vaccines?
Dephtheria
Tetanus
What are some examples of subunit vaccines?
Pertussis Haemophilus influenza type B Meningococcus group c Pnemococcus Typhoid Anthrax Hepatitis B
What is in the 5 in 1 vaccine?
Purified diphtheria toxoid Purified tetanus toxoid Purified Bordetella pertussis Inactivated polio virus Purified component of haemophilus influenza b
What childhood immunisations are given at 2 months?
5 in 1 vaccine
Pneumococcal conjugate
Rotavirus
Men B
What childhood immunisations are given at 3 months?
5 in 1 vaccine
Rotavirus
What childhood immunisations are given at 4 months?
5 in 1 vaccine
Pneumococcal conjugate
Men B
What immunisations are given at 1 year?
Hib/Men C
MMR
Pneumococcal conjugate
Men b
What immunisations are given at 2,3,4 years?
Influenza
What immunisations 3-5 years?
4 in 1 booster (DTaP/IPV)
MMR
What immunisations are given to girls at 12-13 years?
Human papilloma virus
What immunisations are given at 14 years?
3 in 1 booster (dT/IPV)
Men ACWY
What immunisations are given to special patients and occupational groups?
BCG Influenza Pneumococcal Hepatitis B Varicella-Zoster (chickenpox) Herpes-Zoster (shingles)
What are the indications for the influenza vaccine?
Age >65 years Nursing home residents Immunodeficiency Immunosuppression Asplenia/hyposplenism Chronic liver, renal, cardiac and lung disease Diabetes Coeliac disease Pregnant women Health care workers
What are the indications for the BCG vaccine?
Children with parents/grandchildren born in a country with annual incidence TB>40/100000
New immigrants from high prevalence countries
Contacts (<35 yrs) of resp TB patients
Healthcare
What are the pneumococcal vaccines?
Pneumococcal conjugate polysaccharide vaccine
Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine
What are the indications for pneumococcal conjugate polysaccharide vaccine?
Immunodeficiency Immunosuppression Asplenia/hyposlenia Sickle cell disease Chronic liver, renal, cardiac and lung disease Diabetes Coeliac disease
Who is given the hepatitis B vaccine?
Children at risk of exposure to HBV and babies born to infected mothers Health care workers MSM Chronic liver and kidney disease Prisoners Immunodeficiency
Who is given the varicella zoster vaccine?
Patients with suppressed immune systems (cancer treatment or organ transplant)
Children in contact with those at risk of severe vzv
Health care workers (if sero-neg)
Who is given the shingles vaccine?
All elderly patients (70-80)
What does human normal immunoglobulin contain?
Antibodies against hepatitis A, rubella and measles
What disease specific immunoglobulins are given post-exposure?
Hepatitis B Ig Rabies Ig Tetanus anti-toxin Ig Varicella Ig Diphtheria anti-toxin Ig Botulinum anti-toxin Ig
What is the risk assessment for travellers?
Health of traveler Previous immunisation and prophylaxis Area to be visited Duration of visit Accommodation Activities Remote areas Recent outbreaks
What general measures should travellers take whilst abroad?
Care with food/water Hand washing Try to avoid sunburn/sun stroke Altitude Road traffic accidents Safe sex Mosquitos -bed nets, sprays, cover up
What are the common immunisations for travellers?
Tetanus Polio Typhoid Hepatitis A Yellow fever Cholera
What immunisations should be given to travellers in special circumstances?
Rabies Japanese encephalitis Tick borne encephalitis Diphtheria Meningococcoal ACWY
What are the most common antimicrobial prophylaxis?
Chemoprophylaxis against malaria
Post exposure prophylaxis (ciproflaxacin against meningococcal disease)
HIV post exposure prophylaxis (Needle stick, sexual intercourse)
Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis
What is the ABCD for malaria prevention?
Awareness of risk
Bite prevention
Chemoprophylaxis
Diagnosis and treatment
What should be done to prevent bites from mosquitos?
Cover up at dawn and dusk
Insect repellent sprays, lotions (DEET)
Mosquito coils
Permethrin-impregnanted mosquito nets
What medications are used as chemoprophylaxis against malaria?
Malarone
Doxycycline
Mefloquine
Chloroquine
What is the side effect of doxycycline?
Photosensitivity
What are the side effects of mefloquine?
Psychosis
Nightmares
Avoid with history of epilepsy
