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Infection > HIV > Flashcards

HIV Flashcards

1
Q

What are the methods of HIV transmission?

A 
Sexual transmission
Injection drug misuse 
Blood products 
Vertical transmission
Organ transplant
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2
Q

What is a normal CD4 count?

A

500

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3
Q

What cells does HIV destroy?

A

T helper cells (CD4+)

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4
Q

Where are CD4 cells found?

A

Lymphocytes
Surface of macrophages and monocytes
Cells in the brain
Skin

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5
Q

What happens to the CD4 count over the course of the infection?

A

Declines

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6
Q

What happens to the HIV viral load over the course of the infection?

A

Increases

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7
Q

What new opportunistic infections can occur with HIV?

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
Candidiasis
Mycobacterium avium complex
Cryptosporidiosis

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8
Q

What reactivation opportunistic infections can occur with HIV?

A

Cerebral toxoplasmosis
Tuberculosis
CMV disease

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of primary HIV?

A 
Flu-like illness 
Fever 
Malaise and lethargy 
Pharyngitis 
Lymphadenopathy 
Toxic exanthema
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10
Q

What information is used to monitor HIV?

A

CD4 lymphocyte count
HIV viral load
Clinical features

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11
Q

What is combination antiretroviral treatment?

A

At least 3 drugs from at least 2 groups

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12
Q

When should HIV treatment be started?

A

CD4<350 cells/mm3

3 drug combination with treatment adjustment if VL not adequately suppressed after 4-6 weeks of therapy

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13
Q

What are the antiviral drugs used?

A

Nucleoside
Non-nucleoside
Protease
Integrase

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14
Q

What are the side effects of nucleoside antiviral drugs?

A

Marrow toxicity
Neuropathy
Lipodystrophy

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15
Q

What are the side effects of non-nucleoside antiviral drugs?

A

Skin rashes
Hypersensitivity
Drug interactions

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16
Q

What are the side effects of protease antiviral drugs?

A

Drug interactions
Diarrhoea
Lipodystrophy
Hyperlipidaemia

17
Q

What are the side effects of integrase antiviral drugs?

A

Rashes

18
Q

What is lipodystrophy?

A

Fat is redistributed to the abdomen from face, legs etc

19
Q

What is the cardiovascular factors associated with HIV?

A

Increased incidence of MI
Insulin resistance
Hyperlipidaemias

20
Q

What can be done to prevent HIV?

A 
Behaviour change
Condoms 
Circumcision 
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) 
Post-exposure prophylaxis for sexual exposure (PEPSE)

Infection (12 decks)

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