Zoo and companion exotics Flashcards
Old world vs new world primates
Old world: Asia and Africa, no prehensile tail. Ie colobus monkey, proboscis monkeys, langur
New World: South and Central America
Squamous metaplasia occurs in ____ deficiency in turtles and most commonly causes changes to the tear ducts.
vitamin A deficiency
Cryptosporidiosis in reptile
Clinical signs include regurgitation, weight loss, and debilitation. The organism causes thickening of the gastrointestinal mucosa and loss of motility. Diagnosis is made by acid-fast staining of fresh feces or regurgitated food. Since there is not effective treatment euthanasia is often recommended.
There is no effective treatment
Entamoebra spp.
Protozoa; turtle carriers, severe gastrointestinal signs and death in snakes. Diagnosis is based on identification of trophozoites or cysts in fecal smears or histologic sections. Metronidazole is the treatment of choice. Turtles and snakes should not be housed together.
Gentamicin in reptiles
Cannot give in caudal half of body. Reptiles have a renal-portal system in which blood from the caudal half of the body passes through the kidney before returning to the heart. Therefore, administration of a potentially nephrotoxic drug, as are all aminoglycosides, would be contraindicated int eh caudal half.
Gravid female iguana
Clinical signs: change in behavior such as hyperactivity and irritability, anorexia, and enlarged abdomen. They are most likely to present from November to June. On physical exam you can typically feel the lumps on the abdomen which are the large eggs. Intervention in the form of an ovariohysterectomy is performed if attempts at inducing oviposition fail.
Red leg in frog
bacterial septicaemia
Septicemic cutaneous ulcerative disease in turtles
SCUD - Citrobacter dreudii causes pitted scutes that slough with underlying purulent exudate, petechia on the skin and liver necrosis also common - good husbandry and Chloramphenicol
Inculsion body disease in snake
Exact cause is known, but a retrovirus is strongly suspected. Additionally, it seems as though the snake mite, Ophionyssus natricus is associated with the transmission. History or regurgitation of the past two weeks and no an inability to right itself.
Ulcerative Dermatitis in lizards/snakes
scale rot
Turtle Vitamin A Deficiency
characterised by swollen eyelids
Infectious stomatitis
Occurs commonly in lizards, turtles, and snakes. Aeromonas adn Pseudomonas spp are commonly isolated from the lesions. Clinical sings include petechiation and caseous material build up within the mouth. Treatment is aimed at debridement and antibiotics.
Baylisascaris procyonis
racoon roundworm
Bordetella bronchiseptica
small, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium of the genus Bordetella.[1] It can cause infectious bronchitis in dogs and other animals
CAR bacillus in rat
gram negative bacterium that causes severe bronchiectasis, pulmonary abscesses, and atelectasis. It is found with Mycoplasma pulmonis when respiratory signs are evident in rats. It is not known if it can cause disease on its own.
Cheyletiella parasitovorax
rabbit fur mite and causes white flakes that resemble dandruff along dorsum
Cilia-associated respiraoty (CAR) bacillus infection in rats
associated with Mycoplasma pulmonis
Corynebacteria kutschemi
Pseudotuberculosis in rats (dyspnea, oculonasal discharge, rough hair coat, and hunched posture, usually subclinical), pneumonia in rats Impression smear shows the characteristics “Chinese character” formation. Culture of the bacteria or serology can diagnose the infection as well.
Daily water requirement for a rabbit
120 ml/kg
Dietary recommendations for a ferret
The diet should be low in fiber and carbohydrates. Ferrets are strict carnivores that depend on meat proteins and fats. They need a highly digestible diet due to their short GI transit time. They lack intestinal flora to break down complex carbohydrates and diets rich in carbohydrates will lead to protein or fat malnutrition. Ferrets also cannot tolerate large amounts of fiber. High levels of plant proteins are associated with urolithiasis. Ferrets should not be fasted for longer than 6 hours as they irritable; additionally, if they develop insulinomas (which are not uncommon), periods without food can result in severe, fatal hypoglycemia. A high-quality dry kitten food or commercial ferret diet is appropriate.
Encephalitozoan cuniculi
rabbit microsporidian parasite that causes neurologic and renal disease. The parasite directly infects the lenses of rabbits and causes phacoclastic cataracts and uveitis. Lens removal is the treatment required and steroids for the uveitis.
Ferret adrenal gland tumor treatment
Surgical removal
normal cortisol levels
Francisella tularensis
Causative agent of Tularemia, rabbit natural host and most commonly associated with zoonotic spread to humans.
Hamster lifespan
approximately 2 years
Insulinoma treatment in ferret
Medical management: prednisone and diazoxide alone or in combination. Dietary management with a high protein and low carbohydrate diet. Surgical removal of the tumor is also an option in otherwise healthy ferrets.
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis in mice
euthanize entire coloney
Murine respiratory mycoplasmosis – small rodents
nasal discharge and ataxia
Mycoplasma pulmonis in rat
found along with CAR bacillus
Myomavirus
virus that causes myxomatosis in rabbits and was used as a pest control in Australia. Contents
often fatal disease that affects domestic and wild rabbit populations. This disease is caused by the myxoma virus, a species of the poxvirus family
Proliferative bowl disease in ferret
Lawsonians, and intracellular bacteria. Treat with antibiotics, very susceptible to chloramphenicol
Psoroptes cuniculi
rabbit ear mite; causes severe crusting and inflammation of the external ear canals. Treatment is Ivermectin or selamectin.
Required to Chinchilla health
dust baths: every 1-2 days in order to maintain coat health. The dust bath should not be left in the enclosure at all time since frequent bathing may cause conjunctivitis. Chinchillas are heat-intolerant, keep enclosure above 80 F. Avoid cedar bedding as it can cause respiratory irritation.
Rotaviral infection in mice
Clinical signs: diarrhea with obstipation, affects young mice 1-3 weeks of age. Soft yellow feces that stain and dry around the anus, causing obstipation and death. Diagnosis based on clinical signs. Electron microscopy can be used for virus identification. Only treatment is to clean and remove impacted feces.
Sendai virus in mice
a negative sense, single-stranded RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae
highly transmissible respiratory tract infection in mice, hamsters, guinea pigs, rats, and occasionally pigs, and marmosets[3]with infection passing through both air and direct contact routes. The virus can be detected in mouse colonies worldwide, generally in suckling to young adult mice. Epizootic infections of mice are usually associated with a high mortality rate, while enzootic disease patterns suggest that the virus is latent and can be cleared over the course of a year
Transmissible Murine Colonic Hyperplasia in mice
mice 2-4 weeks of age, Citrobacter freundii stain 4280 gram negative enteric bacterium. Clinical signs: anorexia, dehydration, and diarrhea. Histopath shows thickening and inflammation of colonic mucosa. Adults show no signs. The disease is highly contagious but self-limiting. Treatment includes neomycin or tetracyclines
Treponema paraluis cuniculi
causative agent of rabbit syphilis
Trichobezoar
“wool block” a sort of hairball as a result of GI stasis (not a cuase)
Trichophyton mentagorphytes
ringworm in mice and rats
Tyzzers in hamster/rabbit
caused by Clostridium piliforme
Uterine Adenocarcinoma
a gland-like, malignant type of tumorthat arises from the secretory tissue that lines the inner cavity of the uterus, is one of the most common forms of cancer in rabbits, occurring in up to 60 percent of female rabbits over three years old
____ is the infectious coccidian in birds, repitles and herbivovores
Eimeria
Strongyuloides sterocarlis is passed in the ____ form and can be found via ____
l1 larvae; baerman
Persian cats are predisposed to developing ____ kidneys
polycystic kidneys
If multiple cats in a household have demodex then the species is ____ and you diagnose with ___
demodex gatoi; superficial skin scrape
___ causes severe chemosis in young kittens without other clinical signs
chlamydophila felis
Seeing this on all four paws at the same time suggests:
plasma cell pododermatitis
Which dermatophyte causes ringworm in mice and rats?
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Rabbits and guinea pigs should not be housed together because:
Rabbits can give Bordetella to guinea pigs
What antibiotics are guinea pigs sensitive to?e
streptomycine (lethal), penicillin, ampicillin, bacitracin, lincomycin, vancomycin, erythromycin and clindamycin
which antibiotics can guinea pigs have?1
enrofloxacin, TMS and chloramphenicol
What is the daily water requirement for a rabbit?
120ml/kg, way higher than a dog or cat
what is typhlyitis?
inflammation of the cecum
CAR or Ciliary Associated Respiratory Baccillus infection in rats is always accompanied by:
mycoplasma pulmonis
THe most common neoplasia of intact female rabbits is:
uterine adenocarcinoma (hematuria, anorexia, depression, dysuria, millk production_)
What antibiotics should be avoided in rabbits?
The ones with an especially gram positive spectrum like the macrolides
