Sheep Flashcards
Bluetongue pathology findings
edematous ears and face, white streaks in the skeletal muscles and endothelial hemorrhage at the base of the pulmonary artery, as well as ecchymotic hemorrhages in the lymph nodes and spleen. Underlying lesions are vasculitis, and the lesions are multisystemic.
Causes abortion, fetal-mummification, stillbirth, and congenital brain malformation.
Transmitted by biting midges and vaccine available
A lamb can reach puberty as early as ____ months up until ____ months depending on the breed.
5-12 months
Border Disease
“hairy-shakers”
Caused by infection of fetus in early pregnancy with a pestivirus (Flaviviridae). Related to Classical Swine Fever and BVD
Surviving lambs are persistently viremic
Abortion may occur at any stage
No effective treatment, serology on dams of affected lambs,
Problem in nieve herds
Brucella ovis in rams
Infertility and epididymitis
Champylobacter
most common cause of abortion in sheep in North America
Venereal, control with AI and vaccination
Clostridium novyi Type A
“Big head” treat with wound debridement and penicillin
Found in soil so culling and isolation unnecessary. Enters through wounds obtained during head-butting activities. Fatal if untreated.
Copper deficiency
Causes enzootic ataxia in goats and sheep. Can be primary (low intake) or secondary (factors inhibiting absorption and promoting excretion, ex. high sulfur, iron, selenium). Deficiency can cause microcytic anemia, decreased production, fading hair, heart failure, infertility, swollen joints, gastric ulcers, and diarrhea. Two neurologic diseases specific to copper deficiency are enzootic ataxia (seen in lambs 1 to 2 months old) and swayback (seen congenitally or in very young lambs and kids). Clinical signs of progressive ascending paralysis nd incoordination, muscle atrophy, and weakness. Copper deficiency leads to less myelin formation and to demyelination.
Culicoides gnat
bluetongue vector
Strawberry footrot (granulation of the coronary band) as well as paintbrush lesions on the back of sheep are caused by ___ which appears as branching railroad tracks of gram positive cocci
Dermatophilus congolensis is a gram positive Actinomycete that primarily affects the dorsal surface of animals. Clinically, crusting lesions will form which are easy to pull off, and many people describe them as a paintbrush lesion. In sheep, this disease may be known a strawberry footrot when the claws are affected. Remove sheep from rain.
Dichelobacter nodesus
Primary pathogen in footrot
Estrus duration
1.5-2 days, ovulations occurs about 24 hours after onset of estrus
External caseous lymphadenitis
Caseous lymphadenitis (CL) is a chronic, contagious disease caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis.
gram-positive, facultative, intracellular coccobacillus
abscesses in the region of peripheral lymph nodes
More common form in goats
Footrot
Primary Dichelobacter nodesus Secondary Fusobacterium necrophorum
Fusobacterium necrophorum
secondary infection in footrot
Gangrenous mastitis
Caused by Mannheimia hemolytica and Staphylococcus aureus and occurs sporadically during the first 3 months of lactation. It if generally associated with poor milk supply relate to ewe undernutrition and over vigorous suckling lambs. Prognosis is grave. Control measures include ensuring ewes are well fed. Concentrated should be supplied to ewes and lambs when pasture is poor. No ewe should be expected to rear triples. Teat lesions should be identified and treated with topical antibiotics.