Year 2 medicine

Question 1

Treatment of type 1 DM

Answer 1

Insulin

Question 2

Types of pharmacological management of type 2 DM

Answer 2

1st line - Metformin
2nd line:
-SGLT 2 Inhibitor
-DPP IV inhibitor
-Pioglitazone
-Sulphonylureas

Question 3

Metformin mechanism of action

Answer 3

Increase insulin sensitivity

Question 4

Pioglitazone mechanism of action

Answer 4

Increase insulin sensitivity

Question 5

Gliflozins (SGLT-2 inhibitor) mechanism of action

Answer 5

Increase urinary glucose excretion

Question 6

Sulphonylureas mechanism of action

Answer 6

Increase insulin release

Question 7

Metformin disadvantages

Answer 7

GI side effects
Risk of lactic acidosis
Risk of B12 deficiency

Question 8

SGLT-2 inhibitor disadvantages

Answer 8

Contraindicated in pregnancy
DKA risk
UTIs

Question 9

Drug to aid weight loss

Answer 9

Orlistat

Question 10

What are sick day rules on insulin

Answer 10

Continue insulin

Question 11

Investigations for diabetes mellitus

Answer 11

Glucose finger prick
HbA1C
Urine glucose and ketones
Oral glucose tolerance test

Question 12

DKA symptoms

Answer 12

N+V
Abdominal pain
Ketotic breath
Drowsiness
Kausmall breathing
Coma

Question 13

Most important investigations for DKA

Answer 13

RAPID ABG
Raised anion gap

Question 14

Diagnosis of T2DM

Answer 14

HbA1C > 48

Question 15

Diagnosis of pre-diabetes

Answer 15

HbA1C 42-47

Question 16

Normal blood glucose fasted

Answer 16

4.2-6.3

Question 17

What blood glucose is considered hypoglycaemic

Answer 17

<3mM

Question 18

What is normal age of puberty start for boys

Answer 18

9-14

Question 19

What is normal age of puberty start for girls

Answer 19

8-13

Question 20

How is puberty staged

Answer 20

Tanner method