Random Neuro

Question 1

Which otolith organ detects back/front tilt and horizontal acceleration

Answer 1

Utricle

Question 2

Which otolith organ detects vertical acceleration

Answer 2

Saccule

Question 3

What part of the inner ear detects rotational acceleration

Answer 3

Semicircular canals

Question 4

What is the sensory area of the semicircular canals called

Answer 4

The cupula (within ampulla)

Question 5

What are the sensory parts of the Utricle and saccule called

Answer 5

Macula

Question 6

What is the widening of the semicircular canals called

Answer 6

Ampulla

Question 7

What are the long hairs within cupulae and maculae called

Answer 7

Kinocilia

Question 8

What are the short hairs within cupulae and maculae called

Answer 8

Stereocilia

Question 9

How is the macula orientated in the utricle

Answer 9

Horizontally

Question 10

How is the macula orientated in the saccule

Answer 10

Vertically

Question 11

What happens when the cupula is distorted in the direction of the kinocilium

Answer 11

Depolarisation =>
More APs

Question 12

What happens when the cupula is distorted away from the direction of the kinocilium

Answer 12

Hyperpolarisation =>
Less APs

Question 13

What brain waves are seen in stage 1 sleep

Answer 13

Theta

Question 14

What are theta waves

Answer 14

Low amplitude
Varying frequency

Question 15

What are alpha waves

Answer 15

High frequency
Medium amplitude

Question 16

What are beta waves

Answer 16

Very high frequency
Low amplitude

Question 17

What are delta waves

Answer 17

Very low frequency
High amplitude

Question 18

What is seen on an EEG during stage 2 sleep

Answer 18

Sleep spindles

Question 19

What type of waves are seen on an EEG during stage 3 sleep

Answer 19

Slow delta

Question 20

What type of waves are seen on an EEG during stage 4 sleep

Answer 20

Exclusively delta waves

Question 21

What type of waves are seen on an EEG during REM sleep

Answer 21

Similar to that of wakefulness

Question 22

How long does REM sleep last

Answer 22

5-30 minutes

Question 23

How often does REM sleep occur

Answer 23

Every 90 minutes

Question 24

Where is Wernicke’s area located

Answer 24

Posterior to areas 41,42

Question 25

How do alpha receptors affect smooth muscle

Answer 25

Contraction

Question 26

How do beta receptors affect smooth muscle

Answer 26

Relaxation

Question 27

What is allodynia

Answer 27

Pain in response to something that would not usually cause pain

Question 28

What is hyperalgia

Answer 28

Increased pain from something that does usually cause pain

Question 29

What is neuropathic pain

Answer 29

Caused by disease or lesion to neurone(s)

Question 30

What is nociplastic pain

Answer 30

Pain arising from altered nociception despite nothing activating it

Question 31

What are the constituents of the Papetz Circuit

Answer 31

Hippocampus
Mammillary bodies
Anterior thalamus
Cingulate gyrus

Question 32

What does cyclo-oxygenase do

Answer 32

Convert arachidonic acid to prostaglandins

Question 33

Which nerve fibres mediate proprioception

Answer 33

A-alpha
A-beta

Question 34

What is retrograde amnesia

Answer 34

Retrograde amnesia is when you can’t recall memories from your past

Question 35

What is anterograde amnesia

Answer 35

Anterograde amnesia is when you can’t form new memories but can still remember things from before you developed this amnesia

Question 36

What structure controls melatonin production

Answer 36

Suprachiasmatic nuclei

Question 37

What is the caudate nucleus and putamen collectively known as

Answer 37

Corpus striatum

Question 38

What neural pathways induce REM sleep

Answer 38

Cholinergic