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Medicine > Cardiovascular Anatomy > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What lies posterior to the heart

A

Oesophagus
Desc. Aorta

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2
Q

What lies lateral to the heart

A

Pleura
Phrenic Nerves

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3
Q

What lies inferior to the heart

A

Central tendon of diaphragm

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4
Q

Which vertebrae does the heart lie anterior to

A

T5-T8

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5
Q

Where is the apex of the heart

A

Left 5th intercostal space
Midclavicular line

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6
Q

What forms the right border of the heart

A

Right Atrium

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7
Q

What forms the left border of the heart

A

Left ventricle

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8
Q

What forms the superior border of the heart

A

Auricles
Great vessels

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9
Q

What forms the inferior border of the heart

A

Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left Ventricle

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10
Q

What forms the anterior surface of the heart

A

1/3 Right atrium
2/3 Right and left ventricles

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11
Q

What forms the inferior surface of the heart

A

Right ventricle
Left ventricle

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12
Q

What forms the posterior surface of the heart

A

Left atrium

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13
Q

What is another name for the posterior surface of the heart

A

The base

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14
Q

What is the surface anatomy of the heart

A

Apex - 5th left IC space
Lower right - Parasternal rib 6
Upper right - parasternal rib 3
Upper left - parasternal rib 2

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15
Q

What is the outermost layer of the heart

A

Fibrous pericardium

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16
Q

What is the innermost layer of the heart called

A

Endocardium

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17
Q

What is the large muscular layer of the heart called

A

Myocardium

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18
Q

What are the 2 non-fibrous layers of pericardium called

A

Serous visceral pericardium (epicardium)
Serous parietal pericardium

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19
Q

Where is the coronary sulcus located

A

Between atria and ventricles

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20
Q

Where is the interventricular sulcus located

A

Between left and right ventricles

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21
Q

Name A-D

A

A - Left coronary artery
B - Circumflex artery
C - Left anterior descending (interventricular) artery
D - Posterior descending (interventricular) artery

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22
Q

Name E-G

A

E - Right marginal artery
F - Right coronary artery
G - Anastomosis

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23
Q

Where does the right coronary artery arise from

A

Right aortic sinus

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24
Q

Where does the left coronary artery arise from

A

Left aortic sinus

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25
Q

What 2 arteries come from the right coronary artery

A

Right marginal artery
Posterior descending (interventricular) artery

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26
Q

What does the circumflex artery supply

A

Left atrium
Left ventricle

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27
Q

What does the left anterior descending artery supply

A

Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Interventricular septum

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28
Q

What does the left marginal artery supply

A

Left ventricle

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29
Q

What does the right marginal artery supply

A

Right ventricle
Apex

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30
Q

What does the right coronary artery supply

A

Right atrium
Right ventricle

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31
Q

What are the only cardiac veins which do not drain into the coronary sinus

A

Anterior cardiac veins

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32
Q

Where does the coronary sinus drain

A

Right atrium

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33
Q

What artery does the coronary sinus lie alongside

A

Circumflex artery

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34
Q

Name A-E

A

A - great cardiac vein
B - Coronary Sinus
C - Middle cardiac vein
D - Small cardiac vein
E - Anterior cardiac veins

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35
Q

What artery does the small cardiac vein lie alongside

A

Right marginal artery

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36
Q

What artery does the middle cardiac vein lie alongside

A

Posterior descending artery

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37
Q

What artery does the great cardiac vein lie alongside

A

Left anterior descending artery

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38
Q

Where do the anterior cardiac veins drain

A

Directly into the right atrium

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39
Q

Which nerve innervates the fibrous and serous parietal pericardium

A

Phrenic Nerve

40
Q

What function does the phrenic nerve provide the heart

A

Sensory - Pain

41
Q

Which parasympathetic nerve innervates the heart and visceral serous pericardium

A

Vagus nerve

42
Q

Which sympathetic nerves innervates the heart and visceral serous pericardium

A

T1-T4
Upper thoracic sympathetic ganglia

43
Q

Where are purkinje cells found

A

Sinoatrial node
Atrioventricular node

44
Q

Why can heart pain be felt in the inner surface of the left arm

A

T1-T4 innervation

45
Q

Name A-C

A

A - Endocardium
B - Myocardium
C - Pericardial cavity

46
Q

Name D-F

A

D - Fibrous pericardium
E - Parietal Pericardium
F - Visceral pericardium (epicardium)

47
Q

What is the basic structure of a blood vessel

A

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica externa / adventitia

48
Q

What does the tunica intima consist of

A

Endothelium
Basement membrane
Connective tissue

49
Q

What does the tunica media consist of

A

Muscle
Elastic tissue

50
Q

What does the tunica externa consist of

A

Fibrous connective tissue

51
Q

What does the endocardium consist of

A

Epithelium
Basement membrane
Connective tissue

52
Q

What does the myocardium consist of

A

Muscle
Elastic tissue

53
Q

What does the epicardium consist of

A

Fibrous connective tissue
Epithelium

54
Q

What tissue forms valves in the heart

A

Endocardium

55
Q

What type of epithelium in in endocardium

A

Simple squamous

56
Q

What are the features of cardiac muscle

A

Striated
Lots of mitochondria
Single central nucleus
Branching fibres
Intercalated disks

57
Q

Which layer of the heart contains most of the coronary artery’s branches

A

Epicardium/serous visceral pericardium

58
Q

How does an artery look histologically

A

Thick muscle wall
Small, well rounded
Thin adventitia

59
Q

How does a vein look histologically

A

Thin muscle wall
Large, squashed
Thick adventitia
Valves - endothelial projections

60
Q

3 main types of artery

A

Elastic
Muscular
Arterioles

61
Q

Which arteries are elastic

A

Large conducting, eg:
- Aorta
- Common carotid

62
Q

Which arteries are muscular

A

Distributing arteries, eg:
- Coronary arteries
- Radial arteries
- Femoral arteries

63
Q

Which arteries are arterioles

A

Supply blood to capillary bed

64
Q

What gives elastic arteries its elastic properties

A

Elastic fibres in tunica media

65
Q

How does an elastic artery differ to a muscular artery histologically

A

Muscular have NO elastic fibres within smooth muscle

66
Q

Name A-E

A

A - Internal elastic laminae
B - Epithelium/Tunica intima
C - Tunica media
D - Outer elastic lamina
E - Tunica adventitia

67
Q

What are pericytes

A

Surround capillaries, contractile

68
Q

What are the 3 types of capillary

A

Continuous
Fenestrated
Discontinuous/sinusoids

69
Q

What controls arteriovenous shunt

A

Precapillary sphincters

70
Q

What blood vessels supply blood vessel walls

A

Vasa vasorum

71
Q

Name A-C

A

A - Superior Vena Cava
B - Right Auricle
C - right atrium

72
Q

Name D-F

A

D - Musculi Pectinati
E - Crista Terminalis
F - Tricuspid Valve

73
Q

Name G - I

A

G - Coronary Sinus
H - Inferior Vena Cava
I - Fossa Ovalis

74
Q

Which chamber of the heart is shown open here

A

Right atrium

75
Q

Name A-E

A

A - Right Auricle
B - Pulmonary Trunk
C - Tricuspid Valve
D - Trabeculae Carneae
E - Moderator Band

76
Q

Which chamber of the heart is shown here

A

Right Ventricle

77
Q

What openings are found in the left atrium

A

4 openings
Left + right superior pulmonary vein
Left + right inferior pulmonary vein

78
Q

What valve is seen within the left atrium

A

Mitral/bicuspid valve

79
Q

What structure does the left atrium lie wholly postero-superiorly against

A

Oesophagus

80
Q

How many papillary muscles are found within the right and left ventricles

A

Right - 3
Left - 2

81
Q

Name A-D

A

A - Pulmonary Trunk
B - Left auricle
C - Trabeculae Carneae
D - Bicuspid/mitral valve

82
Q

Which chamber of the heart is shown here

A

Left Ventricle

83
Q

Name A-E

A

A - Sinoatrial node
B - Atrioventricular node
C - Bundles of His (AV bundle)
D - Purkinje’s Fibres
E - Left/right bundle branches

84
Q

Where can each heart sound be auscultated

A

Pulmonary - Left 2nd IC space
Aortic - Right 2nd IC space
Tricuspid - Left 5th IC space
Mitral - Left 5th IC space midclavicular line

85
Q

Name A-E

A

A - Right Subclavian Artery
B - Right Brachiocephalic vein
C - Internal Thoracic Artery
D - Internal Thoracic Vein
E - Intercostal Artery

86
Q

Name A-C

A

A - Brachiocephalic artery
B - Subclavian artery
C - Axillary artery

87
Q

Name D-F

A

D - Brachial artery
E - Radial artery
F - Ulnar artery

88
Q

What artery comes from the radial and ulnar arteries

A

Arteriae Digitales

89
Q

Where does the subclavian become the axillary artery

A

Lateral border of 1st rib

90
Q

Where does the brachial artery divide into the ulnar and radial arteries

A

Cubital fossa

91
Q

Name A-E

A

A - Cephalic vein
B - Basilic vein
C - Cephalic vein
D - Median Cubital Vein
E - Basilic Vein

92
Q

Name A-D

A

A - Abdominal Aorta
B - Iliac Artery
C - Common Femoral Artery
D - Deep Femoral Artery

93
Q

Name E-H

A

E - Superficial Femoral Artery
F - Popliteal Artery
G - Anterior Tibial Artery
H - Posterior Tibial Artery

94
Q

Name I-K

A

I - Peroneal/Fibular Artery
J - Dorsalis Pedis Artery
K - Pedal Arch

95
Q

Name A-D

A

A - Femoral Vein
B - Popliteal Vein
C - Great Saphenous Vein
D - Small Saphenous Vein

Medicine (13 decks)

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