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Medicine > Alimentary Anatomy > Flashcards

Alimentary Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Innervation of External Oblique

A

T7-T11

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2
Q

Innervation of Internal Oblique

A

T6-L1

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3
Q

Innervation of Transversus Abdominus

A

T6-L1

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4
Q

Innervation of Rectus Abdominus

A

T6-T12

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5
Q

What 3 Muscles aponeurose to form the rectus sheath

A

External Obliques
Internal Obliques
Transversus Abdominus

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6
Q

What 2 muscles lie within the rectus sheath

A

Rectus Abdominus
Pyramidalis

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7
Q

What is the function of the pyramidalis muscle

A

Tense the rectus linae alba

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8
Q

Where does the rectus sheath terminate inferiorly

A

Arcuate line

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9
Q

Describe superficial blood supply of the anterior abdomen wall

A

Superior and inferior epigastric arteries

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10
Q

Describe superficial blood drainage of the anterior abdomen wall

A

Superior and inferior epigastric veins

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11
Q

Where does the superior epigastric artery arise

A

Internal thoracic artery

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12
Q

Where does the inferior epigastric artery arise

A

External ileac artery

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13
Q

Where does the superior epigastric vein drain

A

Subclavian/jugular junction

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14
Q

Where does the inferior epigastric vein drain

A

Common iliac vein

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15
Q

Where does superficial lymph drainage of the abdominal wall go above the umbilicus

A

Axillary LNs

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16
Q

Where does superficial lymph drainage of the abdominal wall go below the umbilicus

A

Inguinal LNs

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17
Q

Roughly how long is the inguinal canal

A

4cm

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18
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the inguinal ligament

A

Origin - Pubic tubercle
Insertion - ASIS

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19
Q

The inguinal ligament is formed by the aponeuroses of which muscle

A

External obliques

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20
Q

The superficial inguinal ring is a break in which layer of the muscle

A

External obliques

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21
Q

What layer is the deep inguinal ring an opening in

A

Fascia Transversalis

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22
Q

What goes through the inguinal canal in a male

A

Spermatic duct
Ilio-inguinal nerve
Blood and lymph vessels

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23
Q

What goes through the inguinal canal in a female

A

Round ligament of uterus
Ilio-inguinal nerve
Blood vessels and lymphatics

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24
Q

What level does the celiac trunk begin

A

T12

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25
Q

What level does the superior mesenteric artery begin

A

L1

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26
Q

What level does the inferior mesenteric artery begin

A

L3-4

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27
Q

What are the 3 branches of the celiac trunk

A

Left gastric artery
Common hepatic artery
Splenic artery

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28
Q

What level do the renal arteries begin

A

L1

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29
Q

What veins merge to form the portal vein

A

Superior mesenteric
Splenic vein

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30
Q

What level does the aorta and IVC bifurcate

A

L4

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31
Q

Where does the inferior mesenteric vein drain

A

Splenic vein

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32
Q

Name 3 points of portosystemic anastamoses

A

Lower oesophagus
Anal canal
Umbilical region

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33
Q

Where does the lumbar plexus originate

A

L1-L4

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34
Q

What nerves come from the lumbar plexus (in superior to inferior order)

A

Iliohypogastric
Ilio-inguinal
Genitofemoral
Lateral cutaneous
Femoral
Obturator

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35
Q

What are the root value(s) of the iliohypogastric nerve

A

L1

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36
Q

What are the root value(s) of the ilio-inguinal nerve

A

L1

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37
Q

What are the root value(s) of the genitofemoral nerve

A

L1 + L2

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38
Q

What are the root value(s) of the lateral cutaneous femoral nerve

A

L2 + L3

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39
Q

What are the root value(s) of the femoral nerve

A

L2 + L3 + L4

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40
Q

What are the root values of the obturator nerve

A

L2 + L3 + L4

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41
Q

What 3 structures enter the kidney

A

Renal vein
Renal artery
Renal pelvis (ureter)

42
Q

How are the kidneys peritonised

A

Retroperitoneal

43
Q

At what 3 points are the ureters constricted

A

Renal pelvis
Uretovesical junction
Pelvic brim

44
Q

Which layer of peritoneum is more sensitive to pain, pressure and temperature

A

Parietal

45
Q

How are the kidneys peritonised

A

Retroperitoneal

46
Q

How is the pancreas peritonised

A

Retroperitoneal

47
Q

How is the IVC peritonised

A

Retroperitoneal

48
Q

How is the aorta peritonised

A

Retroperitoneal

49
Q

How are the ascending and descending colon peritonised

A

Retroperitoneal

50
Q

How is the transverse colon peritonised

A

Intraperitoneal

51
Q

How is the small intestine peritonised

A

Intraperitoneal

52
Q

How is the stomach peritonised

A

Intraperitoneal

53
Q

How is the liver peritonised

A

Intraperitoneal

54
Q

How is the spleen peritonised

A

Intraperitoneal

55
Q

How is the sigmoid colon peritonised

A

Intraperitoneal

56
Q

How is the greater sac continuous with the lesser sac

A

Epiploic foramen

57
Q

How is the small intestine connected to the posterior wall of the abdomen

A

Mesentry

58
Q

What level is the transpyloric plane

A

L1

59
Q

Which costal cartilage is the surface marking for the gallbladder

A

9th

60
Q

Which ribs does the spleen lie under

A

9-11

61
Q

What is the blood supply of the abdominal oesophagus

A

Left gastric artery + left inferior phrenic artery

62
Q

What is the uppermost part of the stomach called

A

FundusW

63
Q

What is the main part of the stomach between the 2 curvatures called

A

Body

64
Q

What parts are in the lower stomach

A

Antrum + Pylorus

65
Q

What does the lesser omentum attach

A

Stomach (lesser curvature) to liver

66
Q

What does the greater omentum attach

A

Stomach (greater curvature) to Transverse colon

67
Q

What layer of the gut tube forms rugae

A

Mucosa + submucosa

68
Q

What artery does the right gastric artery come from

A

Hepatic artery

69
Q

What are the arteries that supply the greater curvature of the stomach called

A

Left and right gastro-omental arteries

70
Q

Where do the left and right gastric vein drain

A

Portal vein

71
Q

Where does the left gastro-omental vein drain

A

Splenic vein

72
Q

Where does the right gastro-omental vein drain

A

Superior mesenteric vein

73
Q

What is the parasympathetic supply of the stomach

A

Vagus nerve

74
Q

What is the sympathetic supply of the stomach

A

T6-T9 - celiac plexus

75
Q

How many parts does the duodenum have

A

4

76
Q

What part of the duodenum is the ampulla of vater in

A

2nd

77
Q

What is the main opening in the duodenum called

A

Hepatopancreatic ampulla (ampulla of vater)

78
Q

What is the sphincter that controls the hepatopancreatic ampulla called

A

Major duodenal papilla/sphincter of oddi

79
Q

What are the characteristics of the jejunum (vs ileum)

A

Darker
Thicker
Long vasa recta
Few large arterial arcades
Less fat in mesentry
Many tall circular folds
Few Peyer’s patches

80
Q

What are the characteristics of the ileum (vs jejunum)

A

Lighter
Thinner
Short vasa recta
Many small arterial arcades
More fat in mesentry
Few/no tall circular folds
Many Peyer’s patches

81
Q

What artery supplies the midgut

A

Superior mesenteric artery

82
Q

What are the long bands of muscle that run alongside the colon

A

Teniae Coli

83
Q

What are the small projections from the Teniae coli

A

Omental apendices

84
Q

What are the segments of the colon called

A

Haustra

85
Q

What is the upper right bend in the colon called

A

Hepatic flexure

86
Q

What is the upper left bend in the colon called

A

Splenic flexure

87
Q

What joins the apendix and the caecum

A

Orifice of apendix

88
Q

What lies between the caecum and the ileum

A

Ileocecal valve

89
Q

What is the arterial supply of the colon (after 2/3 of transverse colon)

A

Inferior mesenteric Artery

90
Q

What is the blood supply of the rectum

A

Upper 1/3 - Inferior mesenteric A.
Lower 2/3 - Internal ileac arteries

91
Q

What is the pectinate line in the anal canal

A

Where the epithelium switches from columnar -> non-keratinizing stratified squamous

92
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the liver

A

Left
Right
Caudate
Quadrate

93
Q

What is more superior out of the quadrate and caudate lobes of the liver

A

Caudate

94
Q

What is in the porta hepatis

A

Portal vein
Hepatic artery
Common hepatic duct

95
Q

Where do central veins of the liver drain

A

Hepatic vein

96
Q

What do the left and right hepatic ducts unite to form

A

Common hepatic duct

97
Q

What do the cystic duct and common hepatic duct unite to form

A

Common bile duct

98
Q

Where do the pancreatic duct and common bile duct unite to enter the duodenum

A

Hepatopancreatic ampulla

99
Q

What is another name for an accessory pancreatic duct

A

Duct of Santorini

100
Q

What are the 4 parts of the pancreas (right to left)

A

Head
Neck
Body
Tail

101
Q

Which vein is formed posterior to the neck of pancreas

A

Portal vein

102
Q

What is the arterial supply of the pancreas

A

Dual supply; coeliac + superior mesenteric arteries

Medicine (13 decks)

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