Random GI Flashcards
What type of cancer is associated with the middle third of the oesophagus
Squamous cell
Where does gallstone pain radiate to
Shoulder
What type of cancer is associated with primary biliary cholangitis
Hepatocellular carcinoma
What type of cancer is associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis
CholangiocarcinomaW
What condition is associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis
Ulcerative colitis
What antibodies are used to help diagnose primary biliary cholangitis
Anti-mitochondrial antibodies
How are ALT and AST related in NAFLD
ALT:AST > 1
How is a severe UC flare treated
IV steroids
What are the 3 medications of triple therapy for H.Pylori
Amoxicillin + Clarithromycin + PPIW
What is amoxicillin replaced by in triple therapy for H.Pylori for penicillin allergy
Metronidazole
What is the appearance of the small bowel in small bowel obstruction imaging
Central distribution
When does migrating motility complex stop
While eating
What activates zymogens
Enterokinase on the brush border membrane in the duodenum
Which artery is often damaged in cholecystectomy
Cystic artery
What is the first line investigation for NASH
Ultrasound
What is used to treat alcohol withdrawal
Chlordiazepoxide
Which ion is amino acid absorbtion dependant on
Sodium
Which centres are activated by rectal stretch receptors
Parasympathetic centres in the spinal cord
What must be considered in patients taking immunosupressants
Neutropenia
How is neutropenia investigated
FBC
Which artery supplies the duodenum
Gastroduodenal artery
What is the next investigation after a positive FIT test
Colonoscopy
Crypt abscesses are characteristic of which bowel disease
Ulcerative colitis
Mucosa to serosa inflammation is characteristic of which bowel disease
Crohn’s disease
What condition has the corkscrew appearance on a barium swallow
Diffuse oesophageal spasm
What is gold standard treatment of high grade barrets oesophagus
Ablation + resection
What is first line treatment of achalasia
Myotomy
What type of IBD is associated with blood in the stool
Ulcerative colitis
How are water soluable vitamins absorbed
Via active transport
Which type of peptic ulcer pain is made better by eating
Duodenal ulcer
Which type of peptic ulcer pain is made worse by eating
Gastric ulcer
Which ion does the PepT1 transporter utilise
Hydrogen
How is primary sclerosing cholangitis diagnosed
MRCP
How is achalasia diagnosed
Oesophageal manometry
How many bowel movements per day is considered a mild UC flare
< 4
How many bowel movements per day is considered a moderate UC flare
4-6
How many bowel movements per day is considered a severe UC flare
> 6
How are severe UC flares treated
IV steroids
Which signalling molecules stimulate histamine
Gastrin
Acetylcholine
What investigation is done for GORD + red flag symptoms
Endoscopy + biopsy
Which organ plays a major role in Na+ reabsorption
Large colon
What is the management of failed GORD treatment
Endoscopy
What does somatostatin inhibit
EVERYTHING
Which cells secrete gastrin
G cells
Which cells in the stomach secrete histamine
Enterochromafin cells
What does gastrin do
Boost gastric secretion
Increase gastric motility
How does vagus stimulation affect gastrin levels
Increases gastrin
What does secretin do
Reduce gastric motility
Reduce gastric secretion
Increases bicarbonate secretion
What causes secretin secretion
Bolus in duodenum
Decreased duodenum pH
Where is secretin released
S cells
What increases CCK release
Protein and fat in duodenum
What cells release CCK
I cells
What does CCK do
Decrease gastric emptying
Contract gallbladder
Relax sphincter of Oddi
What cells release gastric inhibitory peptide
K cells
What does gastric inhibitory peptide do
Decrease gastric secretion and motility
Increase insulin secretion
What causes gastric inhibitory peptide release
Protein and fat in duodenum
Low pH in duodenum
What cells release motilin
M cells
What does motilin do
Increase GIT motility (stimulate MMCs)
What causes motilin secretion
Protein and fat in duodenum
Low pH in duodenum
Vagal stimulation
What cells release somatostatin
Delta cells
What causes somatostatin release
Protein and fat in duodenum
Low pH in duodenum
Vagal stimulation
Which drug is a synthetic version of somatostatin
Octreotide
