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Medicine > Random GI > Flashcards

Random GI Flashcards

1
Q

What type of cancer is associated with the middle third of the oesophagus

A

Squamous cell

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2
Q

Where does gallstone pain radiate to

A

Shoulder

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3
Q

What type of cancer is associated with primary biliary cholangitis

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

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4
Q

What type of cancer is associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis

A

CholangiocarcinomaW

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5
Q

What condition is associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis

A

Ulcerative colitis

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6
Q

What antibodies are used to help diagnose primary biliary cholangitis

A

Anti-mitochondrial antibodies

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7
Q

How are ALT and AST related in NAFLD

A

ALT:AST > 1

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8
Q

How is a severe UC flare treated

A

IV steroids

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9
Q

What are the 3 medications of triple therapy for H.Pylori

A

Amoxicillin + Clarithromycin + PPIW

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10
Q

What is amoxicillin replaced by in triple therapy for H.Pylori for penicillin allergy

A

Metronidazole

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11
Q

What is the appearance of the small bowel in small bowel obstruction imaging

A

Central distribution

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12
Q

When does migrating motility complex stop

A

While eating

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13
Q

What activates zymogens

A

Enterokinase on the brush border membrane in the duodenum

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14
Q

Which artery is often damaged in cholecystectomy

A

Cystic artery

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15
Q

What is the first line investigation for NASH

A

Ultrasound

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16
Q

What is used to treat alcohol withdrawal

A

Chlordiazepoxide

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17
Q

Which ion is amino acid absorbtion dependant on

A

Sodium

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18
Q

Which centres are activated by rectal stretch receptors

A

Parasympathetic centres in the spinal cord

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19
Q

What must be considered in patients taking immunosupressants

A

Neutropenia

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20
Q

How is neutropenia investigated

A

FBC

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21
Q

Which artery supplies the duodenum

A

Gastroduodenal artery

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22
Q

What is the next investigation after a positive FIT test

A

Colonoscopy

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23
Q

Crypt abscesses are characteristic of which bowel disease

A

Ulcerative colitis

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24
Q

Mucosa to serosa inflammation is characteristic of which bowel disease

A

Crohn’s disease

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25
Q

What condition has the corkscrew appearance on a barium swallow

A

Diffuse oesophageal spasm

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26
Q

What is gold standard treatment of high grade barrets oesophagus

A

Ablation + resection

27
Q

What is first line treatment of achalasia

A

Myotomy

28
Q

What type of IBD is associated with blood in the stool

A

Ulcerative colitis

29
Q

How are water soluable vitamins absorbed

A

Via active transport

30
Q

Which type of peptic ulcer pain is made better by eating

A

Duodenal ulcer

31
Q

Which type of peptic ulcer pain is made worse by eating

A

Gastric ulcer

32
Q

Which ion does the PepT1 transporter utilise

A

Hydrogen

33
Q

How is primary sclerosing cholangitis diagnosed

A

MRCP

34
Q

How is achalasia diagnosed

A

Oesophageal manometry

35
Q

How many bowel movements per day is considered a mild UC flare

A

< 4

36
Q

How many bowel movements per day is considered a moderate UC flare

A

4-6

37
Q

How many bowel movements per day is considered a severe UC flare

A

> 6

38
Q

How are severe UC flares treated

A

IV steroids

39
Q

Which signalling molecules stimulate histamine

A

Gastrin
Acetylcholine

40
Q

What investigation is done for GORD + red flag symptoms

A

Endoscopy + biopsy

41
Q

Which organ plays a major role in Na+ reabsorption

A

Large colon

42
Q

What is the management of failed GORD treatment

A

Endoscopy

43
Q

What does somatostatin inhibit

A

EVERYTHING

44
Q

Which cells secrete gastrin

A

G cells

45
Q

Which cells in the stomach secrete histamine

A

Enterochromafin cells

46
Q

What does gastrin do

A

Boost gastric secretion
Increase gastric motility

47
Q

How does vagus stimulation affect gastrin levels

A

Increases gastrin

48
Q

What does secretin do

A

Reduce gastric motility
Reduce gastric secretion
Increases bicarbonate secretion

49
Q

What causes secretin secretion

A

Bolus in duodenum
Decreased duodenum pH

50
Q

Where is secretin released

A

S cells

51
Q

What increases CCK release

A

Protein and fat in duodenum

52
Q

What cells release CCK

A

I cells

53
Q

What does CCK do

A

Decrease gastric emptying
Contract gallbladder
Relax sphincter of Oddi

54
Q

What cells release gastric inhibitory peptide

A

K cells

55
Q

What does gastric inhibitory peptide do

A

Decrease gastric secretion and motility
Increase insulin secretion

56
Q

What causes gastric inhibitory peptide release

A

Protein and fat in duodenum
Low pH in duodenum

57
Q

What cells release motilin

A

M cells

58
Q

What does motilin do

A

Increase GIT motility (stimulate MMCs)

59
Q

What causes motilin secretion

A

Protein and fat in duodenum
Low pH in duodenum
Vagal stimulation

60
Q

What cells release somatostatin

A

Delta cells

61
Q

What causes somatostatin release

A

Protein and fat in duodenum
Low pH in duodenum
Vagal stimulation

62
Q

Which drug is a synthetic version of somatostatin

A

Octreotide

63
Q
A

Medicine (13 decks)

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