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PHRM 845 > Yang > Flashcards

Yang Flashcards

1
Q

what structure regulates sleep/wake cycles?

A

reticular formation

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2
Q

which sleep cycle resembles wakefulness on an EEG

A

REM

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2
Q

what time does melatonin start coming in

A

9 pm

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3
Q

neurotransmitter regulators of sleep

A

catecholamines (NE,E,dopamine)
serotonin
histamine
acetylcholine
adenosine
GABA

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4
Q

what is our main target for current medications

A

GABA

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5
Q

where do benzodiazepines bind the GABA A receptor/Cl channel

A

orthosteric site
alpha 1 / gamma 2

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6
Q

benzodiazepines increase _____ of channel opening

A

frequency
facilitate GABA action

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7
Q

Z hypnotics bind what

A

BZ 1 receptors of alpha 1

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8
Q

overdose treatment that is a benzo antagonist

A

flumazenil

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9
Q

barbiturates increase _____ of channel opening and have _____ on GABA A

A

duration
direct effects

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10
Q

1 position of benzos

A

alkylation that leads to source of active metabolites

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11
Q

annealating the 1-2 bond with an electron rich ring yeilds ____ and _____

A

high affinity and decreased half life

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12
Q

diazepam half life

A

LONG

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13
Q

how could we decrease half life of a benzo

A

annealate the 1-2 bond with an electron rich ring

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14
Q

diazepam (Valium used for)

A

seizures and accumulation of metabolites

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15
Q

clonazepam used for

A

anticonvulsant

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16
Q
A
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17
Q

clonazepam elimination rate

A

intermediate

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18
Q

midazolam elimination rate

A

fast

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19
Q

midazolam used for

A

rapid anesthesia

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20
Q

slow elimination benzos used for

A

active metabolites

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21
Q

benzos effect on REM and stage 3/4

A

decrease

22
Q

short term insomnia drugs

A

zolpidem, zaleplon

23
Q

long term insomnia drug

A

eszopiclone

24
Q

which class has fewer negative effects on sleep patterns

A

z hypnotics

25
Q

z hypnotics side effects

A

sleep-driving, sleep-cooking, sleep-eating, sleep-sex

26
Q

long acting barbiturates

A

anticonvulsants: phenobarbital

27
Q

short to intermediate acting barbiturates

A

sedative-hypnotics: pentobarbital

28
Q

barbiturates can cause what

A

respiratory depression

29
Q

barbiturtates bind what

A

all GABA A alpha 1-5

30
Q

benzos bind what

A

all GABA A alpha 1-5

31
Q

which drugs increase frequency of GABA opening

A

benzos and z hyps

32
Q

Xyrem use

A

daytime sleepiness
increase wakeness

33
Q

gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) names and use

A

liquid ecstacy
juice
scoops
causes CNS depression

34
Q

concern with GHB

A

no antagonist
date rape drug

35
Q

what produces melatonin

A

pineal gland

36
Q

melatonin agonist drug for night shift workers

A

Ramelteon

37
Q

Ramelteon benefit

A

no abuse, withdrawal, dependency

38
Q

melatonin agonist used in blind individuals

A

Tasimelteon
(orphan drug registration)

39
Q

orexin receptor antagonist drug

A

suvorexant

40
Q

where are orxein receptors located

A

hypothalamus

41
Q

suvorexant (Belsorma) moa

A

reduce rewarding stimuli
modulate projections between VTA and nucleus accumbens

42
Q

antihistamines used in sleep

A

diphenhydramine
doxylamine
pyrilamine

43
Q

hepatoxicity has been noted with which herbal

A

valerian

44
Q

norepinephrine projects where

A

amygdala

45
Q

in anxiety there is reduced ____ signaling

A

GABA

46
Q

glutamate is converted to GABA by

A

glutamic acid decarboxylase

47
Q

quick acting treatment of anxiety

A

benzos

48
Q

buspirone is a _____ and has an _____ response

A

5HT1a partial agonist
adaptive

49
Q

abuse potential of buspirone

A

low

50
Q

is buspirone good for panic disorders?

A

no, benzos faster

51
Q

beta blocker of choice and consideration

A

propranolol
need to test dose
decreased peripheral sx of anxiety

52
Q
A

PHRM 845 (38 decks)

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