Watts Substance Abuse

Question 1

peak of alcohol absorption

Answer 1

30-90 mins

Question 2

alcohol increases what

Answer 2

acid release
(can cause GERD/ulcers)

Question 3

where is alcohol absorbed?

Answer 3

10% stomach
remainder intestine

Question 4

what order kinetics is alcohol?

Answer 4

zero order
above 10-20 mg/dL

Question 5

when is micorsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS) activated to break down alcohol

Answer 5

high alc concentrations

Question 6

which CYP involved in MEOS

Answer 6

2E1

Question 7

what test is used to monitor alcohol consumption

Answer 7

glucuronidation

Question 8

two steps of alcohol metabolism

Answer 8

alcohol dehydrogenase
aldehyde dehydrogenase

Question 9

what does fomepizole do?

Answer 9

alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor
slows formation of formaldehyde and toxic metabolites
used in alcohol poisioning

Question 10

what do ALDH1B1 and ALDH2 do?

Answer 10

break down acetaldehyde

Question 11

what would a SNP in ALDH2 do?

Answer 11

reduce activity, cant break it down as well
ex. ALDH2*2

Question 12

what is disulfiram used for?

Answer 12

irreversible inhibitor of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
cant break down alcohol
used for alcohol use disorders. user gets sick if they try to drink

Question 13

alcohols targets

Answer 13

GABA A allosteric activator
NMDA inhibitor
opioids (enkephalins)

Question 14

BAC levels

Answer 14

30-60 talkative
60-90 analgesia
80-120 mood swing, aggression
100-200 slurring
300-500 como-death
1000-1500 ppl have survived

Question 15

acute use of alcohol could cause what

Answer 15

vasodilation

Question 16

moderate use of alcohol could cause what

Answer 16

reduced risk coronary disease

Question 17

heavy use of alcohol could cause what

Answer 17

cardiomyopathy
heart issues

Question 18

thermoregulation of alc could cause what

Answer 18

hypothermia

Question 19

alcohol effect on GI

Answer 19

secretagogue
increases acid

Question 20

alcohol effects on liver

Answer 20

fatty liver - cirrhosis
edema

Question 21

cancers alcohol can cause

Answer 21

liver
mouth
stomach
throat

Question 22

how many people die from alc deaths each year?

Answer 22

88 k

Question 23

what can we treat withdrawal with

Answer 23

alpha 2 agonists
benzos
phenytoin with seizures

Question 24

three FDA approved treatments for alcoholism

Answer 24

disulfiram
acamprosate
naltrexone

Question 25

disulfiram MOA

Answer 25

aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor

Question 26

acamprosate MOA

Answer 26

NMDA antagonist
GABA agonist

Question 27

naltrexone MOA

Answer 27

opioid antagonist

Question 28

naltrexone works better in which pts

Answer 28

118 G SNP in mu opioid receptor

Question 29

off label treatments

Answer 29

topiramate - inhibit glutamate, enhance GABA
baclofen - enhance GABA B
varenicline - nicotinic partial agonist