Svensor

Question 1

what percent of all overdoses were due to psychostimulants?

Answer 1

40%

Question 2

what percent of people take psychostimulants?

Answer 2

17.2%

Question 3

nicotine receptor has how many subunits

Answer 3

12 different

Question 4

nicotine activates what receptor

Answer 4

nicotinic acetylcholinergic

Question 5

what happens chemically when nicotine enters cell

Answer 5

Na+ in
K+ out

Question 6

nicotine can penetrate the membrane at what pH level

Answer 6

physiological

Question 7

is nicotine degraded by AChE?

Answer 7

no, longer duration of action

Question 8

addiction liability ranking

Answer 8

tobacco
heroin
cocaine
alcohol
cannabis

Question 9

varenicline is a ____

Answer 9

partial agonist

Question 10

what drug is known as captogen

Answer 10

fenethylline

Question 11

MOA of cocaine

Answer 11

antagonist of amine transporters
DAT>SERT>NET
prevents dopamine reuptake
increases dopamine concentration
increases duration of dopamine action

Question 12

what is the most addictive substance in current use?

Answer 12

nicotine

Question 13

MOA of ecstasy, methamphetamine, bath salts

Answer 13

compete for reuptake
pushes dopamine from vesicles
reverse transport (efflux of dopamine)

Question 14

what are bath salts and molly called

Answer 14

cathinonones

Question 15

how does Sudafed become meth?

Answer 15

removal of a hydroxyl group

Question 16

neurologic effects of meth

Answer 16

delirium, tremor

Question 17

psychological effects of meth

Answer 17

anxiety
paranoia
hallucinations
delusions
repetitive behavior

Question 18

ENT effects of meth

Answer 18

profuse dental decay (meth mouth)

Question 19

CV effects of meth

Answer 19

tachycardia
HTN /vasospasm

Question 20

skin effects of meth

Answer 20

diaphoresis

Question 21

dopamine receptor activity in the brain of meth user

Answer 21

receptor downregulation due to outside source
why we get withdrawal sx

Question 22

can dopamine receptors return after quitting?

Answer 22

yes

Question 23

who most commonly misuses adderall

Answer 23

male college students

Question 24

what is sympathomimetic toxidrome

Answer 24

symptoms showing someone took a stimulant

Question 25

sympathomimetic toxidrome sx

Answer 25

M - mydriasis A - agitation, arrhythmia, angina T - tachycardia H - HTN, hyperthermia S - seizure, sweating

Question 26

key component of cannabis plant

Answer 26

delta 9 THC

Question 27

hemp delta 9 thc content

Answer 27

0.3% or less

Question 28

marijuana delta 9 THC content

Answer 28

15-20%

Question 29

what is hemp grown for?

Answer 29

agricultural products such as textiles, seeds, and oils

Question 30

federal law permits sale of what

Answer 30

hemp not marijuana

Question 31

what is synthetic marijuana

Answer 31

more potent than THC bind CB1 receptor as full agonists

Question 32

symptoms with cannabit ingestion

Answer 32

temporal slowing auditory or visual allusions euphoria anxiety tachycardia dry mouth increase appetite impaired cognition

Question 33

what is in the endocannabinoid system

Answer 33

cannabinoid receptors ligands EMT transporters synthetic and degradative enzymes

Question 34

what do endocannabinoids do?

Answer 34

retrograde regulators inhibit GABA and glutamine release

Question 35

THC type of agonist and where

Answer 35

partial at CB1R

Question 36

synthetic cannabinoids are what type of agonist

Answer 36

full

Question 37

which receptor is higher in the brain

Answer 37

CB1

Question 38

CB1

Answer 38

respiratory center depression, coma

Question 39

which receptor higher in periphery

Answer 39

CB2

Question 40

CB2 regulated what

Answer 40

recruits inflammatory cells

Question 41

what is marinol

Answer 41

in seasame oil FDA approved for loss of appetite

Question 42

what is nabilone

Answer 42

FDA approved for anti-emetic

Question 43

Epidolex is what

Answer 43

CBD that is FDA approved for Dravet and Lennox Gastaut syndrome

Question 44

key determinants in risk factors for mental health disorders after cannabis use

Answer 44

age of onset and potency

Question 45

what is cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome

Answer 45

cyclic vomiting after prolonged use

Question 46

treatment of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome

Answer 46

stopping benzo haloperidol caspacin

Question 47

what percent of users develop a disorder (cannabis)?

Answer 47

10%

Question 48

delusion

Answer 48

fixed false belief unresponsive to logic ex. you think you're arriving somewhere via hellicopter

Question 49

hallucination

Answer 49

a false perception arising from internal stimuli

Question 50

illusion

Answer 50

a misperception of external stimulii ex. bear sitting in chair up front

Question 51

at commonly used doses, psycheadelic drugs produce what

Answer 51

illusions

Question 52

classical psychedelic drugs are derivatives of what structures

Answer 52

phenethylamine tyryptamine

Question 53

mescaline (phenethylamine) MOA

Answer 53

increase risk of serotonin primarily, also DA and NE

Question 54

LSD is a derivative of what

Answer 54

tryptamine

Question 55

classical psychedelics MOA

Answer 55

5HT2a agonists

Question 56

short term side effects of psychedelics

Answer 56

tachycardia HTN tremors dry mouth nausea

Question 57

acute reactions of psychedilic drugs

Answer 57

terrifying thoughts insanity fear of death fear of losing control

Question 58

psychotic reaction to psychedilics

Answer 58

flashbacks personality changes

Question 59

potential therapeutic uses of psychedilics

Answer 59

cancer distress PTSD depression substance use disorder (alc)

Question 60

negatives of clinical trials with psychedelics

Answer 60

small sample size lack of a control selection bias

Question 61

dissociative psychedelics MOA

Answer 61

antagonists of NMDA receptors inhibit GABA release disinhibition of glutamate release

Question 62

ketamine MOA

Answer 62

NMDA receptor antagonist S+ more active

Question 63

what is phencyclidine

Answer 63

NMDA antagonist also D2 agonist more potent than ketamine

Question 64

what happens with phencylclidine (PCP)

Answer 64

self harm without distress

Question 65

muscimol MOA

Answer 65

agonist of GABA

Question 66

whata are alkyl amines

Answer 66

relaxes sphincter enhanced erections euphoria highest abuse among gay men "poppers"

Question 67

what are volatile solvents

Answer 67

liquid at room temp but evaporate readily when exposed to air

Question 68

who uses volatile solvents the most

Answer 68

young ppl, those without access to others

Question 69

high doses of inhalant can do whta

Answer 69

asphyxiation suffocation convulsions / seizures coma choking fatal injuries

Question 70

what is sudden sniffing death syndrome

Answer 70

fatal arryhtmia within minutes of inhaling