Alzheimers Flashcards
amyloid plaques are ___ and consist of ______
extracellular, AB peptide (amloid beta)
neurofibrillary tangles are ____ and consist of _____
intracellular, hyperphosphorylated tau
a feature of neurons with tangles and close to amyloid plaques is destruction of ______
synapses
snapse loss results in reduced what
neurotransmitters - esp. acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, NE
APP gene is located on
chromomosome 21
things leading to early onset AD
mutations in APP
mutations in PSENs
things leading to 4th decade of life AD
Down syndrome
normal cleavage of AB from APP is by
alpha secretase
abnomal cleavage of AB from APP is by
beta and gamma secretase
which amyloid beta form can form more amloid fibrils
AB42 > AB40
mutations in APP lead to more
cleavage by beta and gamma so more AB42
mutations in PSEN1 or PSEN2 do what
alter the gamma secretase cleavage, more AB42
AB aggregation promotes what
tau hyperphosphorylation
tau hyperphosphorylation leads to what
neurofibrillary tangles, cytoskeletal abnormalities, disruption axonal trafficking
AB aggregation triggers ____ activation
microglia
immune cell
activated microglia do what
release inflammatory cytokines that cause neuroinflammation
PGs, ILs, TNF-a
release reactive nitrogen and oxygen species that cause oxidative stress
