Yang

Question 1

direction of conduction system

Answer 1

SA node, atrium, AV node, bundle branches, purkinje fibers, ventricular muscles

Question 2

what channel should be avoided as a target for new drugs?

Answer 2

hERG, lethal side effects with off target blockade

Question 3

membrane potential outside the cell

Answer 3

0 mV

Question 4

membrane potential inside the cell

Answer 4

-70 mV

Question 5

K+ concentrations inside and outside cell

Answer 5

in: 148 mM
out: 5 mM

Question 6

Na+ concentrations inside and outside cell

Answer 6

in: 10 mM
out: 142 mM

Question 7

Ca++ concentrations inside and outside cell

Answer 7

in: <1 uM
out: 5 mM

Question 8

Cl- concentrations inside and outside cell

Answer 8

in: 4 mM
out: 103 mM

Question 9

K+ flows which way with electrical gradient

Answer 9

inside

Question 10

K+ flows which way with concentration gradient

Answer 10

outside

Question 11

Na+ flows which way with concentration gradient

Answer 11

inside

Question 12

Na+ flows which way with electrical gradient

Answer 12

inside

Question 13

pacemaker cells have ____ dependent spikes

Answer 13

Ca++

Question 14

pacemaker cells contractility

Answer 14

non contractile

Question 15

pacemaker cells polarization

Answer 15

depolarized

Question 16

pacemaker cells automaticity

Answer 16

high automaticity

Question 17

ventricular myocytes have ____ dependent spikes

Answer 17

Na+

Question 18

ventricular myocytes contractility

Answer 18

contractile

Question 19

ventricular myocytes polarization

Answer 19

hyperpolarized

Question 20

ventricular myocytes automaticity

Answer 20

low automaticity

Question 22

which type of curve is this

Answer 22

pacemaker cell

Question 23

which type of curve is this

Answer 23

ventricular myocyte

Question 24

re-entry requirements

Answer 24

multiple parallel pathways
unidirectional block
conduction time greater than effective refractory period

Question 25

class 1 antiarrythmic

Answer 25

Na+ channel blockers

Question 26

class 2 antiarrythmic

Answer 26

beta blockers

Question 27

class 3 antiarrythmic

Answer 27

K+ channel blockers, prolong refractory period

Question 28

class 4 antiarrythmic

Answer 28

Ca channel blockers

Question 30

drug class

Answer 30

beta blockers

Question 31

drug class

Answer 31

calcium channel blockers

Question 32

beta blockers effects

Answer 32

slow pacemaker and Ca currents in SA and AV node
increase PR interval

Question 33

which type of arrhthmias are beta blockers good for

Answer 33

involving catecholamines (NE, E)

Question 34

calcium channel blockers effects
what kind of block?

Answer 34

frequency dependent block
increase refractoriness of AV node
increase PR interval

Question 35

beta blockers of choice

Answer 35

esmolol
acebutolol
propranolol

Question 36

esmolol

Answer 36

cardioselective (beta 1), short 1/2 life, IV

Question 37

calcium channel blockers of choice

Answer 37

verapamil
diltiazem

Question 38

calcium channel blockers moa and use

Answer 38

frequency dependent block
blocks re-entry arrythmias involving AV node
protect ventricular rate in afib and flutter

Question 39

class 1A channel block

Answer 39

mixed block, Na+ and K+ channels

Question 40

class 1A ECG effects

Answer 40

prolonged QT
widen QRS

Question 41

class 1B channel block

Answer 41

Na+ channel block

Question 42

class 1B ECG changes

Answer 42

no significant changes

Question 43

class 1C channel block

Answer 43

strong Na channel block

Question 44

class 1C ECG changes

Answer 44

widen QRS

Question 45

which drug class

Answer 45

Class 1A

Question 46

which drug class

Answer 46

Class 1B

Question 47

which drug class

Answer 47

Class 1C

Question 48

Class 1 A drugs

Answer 48

quinidine, procainamide, disopyramide

Question 49

Class 1B drugs

Answer 49

lidocaine, tocainide, mexiletine, phenytoin

Question 50

Class 1C drugs

Answer 50

flecainide
propafenone
moricizine

Question 51

quinadine activity and risk

Answer 51

anti-muscarinic, risk torsade de pointes

Question 52

lidocaine activity and dosage form

Answer 52

only ventricular
IV only

Question 53

flecainide activity and dosage form

Answer 53

ventricular and supraventricular
PO

Question 54

procainamide side effects and activity

Answer 54

lupus like syndrome
ganglionic blocker

Question 55

disopyramide activty

Answer 55

anti-muscarinic

Question 56

propafenone activity and dosage form

Answer 56

ventricular and supraventricular
beta blocking
PO

Question 57

drug class

Answer 57

3 K+ blocker

Question 58

class 3 moa

Answer 58

block K+ channels and prolong effective refractory period
terminate reentry

Question 59

Class 3 have high risk of

Answer 59

Torsades De Pointes

Question 60

class 3 drugs

Answer 60

amiodarone
dronedarone
ibutilide
sotalol
dofetilide

Question 61

amiodarone action and side effects

Answer 61

suppress emergency ventricular and atrial arrythmias
long half life
hypothyroid, fibrosis, photosensitization

Question 62

genetic mutations causing long QT syndrome

Answer 62

KCNQ1, KCNH2, SCN5A

Question 63

0

Answer 63

Na+ in, Class 1 Na blockers

Question 64

1

Answer 64

K/Cl out

Question 65

2

Answer 65

Ca in, Class 4 CCBs

Question 66

3

Answer 66

K+ out, Class 3: K+ blockers

Question 67

digoxin MOA

Answer 67

inhibition AV node

Question 68

adenosine action

Answer 68

brief but potent slowing of heart
depress pacemaker cells

Question 69

Answer 69

widen QRS, 1A 1C

Question 70

Answer 70

increase PR interval, 2 + 4

Question 71

Answer 71

widen QT interval, 1A + 3

Question 72

Answer 72

no change, 1B